of January last, in repulsing, with great slaughter,

a numerous British army of chosen veteran troops, when attempting by a bold and daring attack to carry by storm the works hastily thrown up for the protection of New Orleans, and thereby obtaining a most signal victory over the enemy with a disparity of loss, on his part, unexampled in military annals." British losses in the Battle of New Orleans were over 2,000 men; American losses were less than 100. 1817-Because of Indian and outlaw harassment of U.S.

citizens on the Florida frontier, Jackson headed an expedition which was so successful that it virtually captured Florida.

1821-Declined the position of Minister to Mexico. 1823-25 Served in the U.S. Senate; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for President in 1824.

1828-Elected President of the United States; reelected in 1832.

1837-Retired to his country home near Nashville, Tenn. 1845-Died; interment at "The Hermitage."

OBV. MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM H. HARRISON. Bust of General Harrison, in uniform, facing the right. REV. RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS APRIL 4, 1818. America, personified as a maiden, with a spear in her right hand and resting on the American shield, places with her left a crown of laurel on a trophy formed of the arms of the enemy, on which hangs a buckler, with the inscription FORT MEIGS BATTLE OF THE THAMES. Exergue: BATTLE OF THE THAMES OCTOBER 5. 1813. By Furst.

THE BATTLE OF THE THAMES

Perry's famous dispatch: "We have met the enemy and they are ours," concluding the Battle of Lake Erie, was received by Gen. William Harrison on September 12, 1813. This meant that it was now the Army's turn to act, for the purpose of regaining Detroit and the Michigan Territory which had been surrendered to the British a year earlier.

One wing of Harrison's forces, garrisoned at Fort Meigs, consisted of about 2,500 regulars. This was augmented by 3,000 Kentucky volunteer infantry led by Governor Isaac Shelby, and by a Kentucky mounted regiment organized by Congressman Richard M. Johnson. The latter received a commission as colonel of Kentucky Volunteers. On September 24, 1813, Harrison transferred his main forces into Canada, to a point about 3 miles below the British Fort Malden. The British commander, Col. Henry Proctor, had evacuated Malden because he realized he could not hold it with Lake Erie in the possession of the American Navy. Proctor fell back by the road up the Thames River.

Harrison's forces followed, and on the 5th of October they engaged the enemy at a point near Moravian Village in what is now known as the Battle of the Thames. The British were routed, losing 12 killed, 22 wounded, and 600 captured. American losses were seven killed and 22

OBV. MAJOR GENERAL ULYSSES S. (Simpson) GRANT. JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS DECEMBER 17. 1863. Bust of General Grant, in uniform, facing the left. In the upper part of a circle, branches of laurel and oak; in the lower part, sugarcane, the cotton plant, tobacco leaves and wheat, united by the national flag; in a second circle, 13 stars, emblematical of the 13 original States of the Union.

By Antrobus and Paquet.

REV. America, personified as a maiden, is seated on a rainbow, with the eagle at her side. She holds in her left hand a cornucopia of flowers, and in her right a crown of laurel and the American shield, on which, in bend, is the word DONELSON. Below, dividing the medal into two parts, is a trophy of arms, surmounted by the cap of liberty, and protected by two sentinels kneeling; to the left is the city of Vicksburg, at the foot of which flows the Mississippi River, bearing two steamboats; VICKSBURG: to the right are Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge; the Federal army encamped on the banks of the Tennessee River; CHATTANOOGA. In a first circle the Mississippi River, on which are four steamers, two of which are gunboats; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; in a second, 13 starsemblematical of the 13 original States of the Union.

ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT

1822-Born at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio. 1843 Graduated from the U.S. Military Academy; commissioned brevet lieutenant in the 4th Infantry. 1845-47-Promoted to full second lieutenant; fought

under Gen. Zachary Taylor in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterey.

1847 Served under Gen. Winfield Scott in the battles leading to the surrender of Mexico City; promoted to first lieutenant, for bravery.

1848 Was breveted captain at Chapultepec.

Service in the Mexican campaigns gave him an opportunity to know many of the men who, later, held commands in the Confederate Army. 1848-52-Assigned garrison duty in New York and Michigan.

1854-60-Resigned his commission, after service on the west coast, farmed in Missouri, and went into real estate in St. Louis.

1860-Moved to Galena, Ill., to work in his father's leather shop.

1861-With the outbreak of the Civil War, he reentered service, with the Union forces, as a colonel of the 21st Illinois Volunteers.

Promoted to brigadier general, with headquarters at Cairo, Ill., he occupied Paducah, Ky. (a strategic point at the junction of the Tennessee and Ohio Rivers).

Fought at Belmont, Mo., where the Confederates

forced him to retreat. 1862-Was ordered to take Confederate positions in northwestern Tennessee: Fort Henry on the east side of the Tennessee River and, 12 miles away, Fort Donelson on the west side of the Cumberland River. These two forts were constructed by the Confederates in 1861 to defend the Mississippi valley; they were manned by garrisons which totaled about 2,500 men.

On February 6, 1862, a fleet of Union gunboats attacked Fort Henry. Realizing the vulnerability of his forces, the Confederate commander ordered a retreat. Retaining a small force to man the he guns, covered the withdrawal of his men to Fort Donelson and then surrendered the fort. Confederate losses were 16 men; Union losses were 29 killed and wounded.

While Grant was moving his body of 16,000 troops overland to Fort Donelson, the Confederates moved 12,000 additional men into the garrison. They did this to protect their line of communications with Confederate forces north around Bowling Green, and to deny access to the Cumberland River which, if opened, would enable Union forces to reach Nashville.

The attack on Fort Donelson began on February 13. It was renewed the following day when an additional force of 11,000 Union troops arrived. By a surprise attack on the 15th, the Confederates succeeded in opening a road to Nashville, but failed to take advantage of it. During the night some of the Confederate troops escaped by steamer. On the 16th, realizing that he was greatly outnumbered, the Confederate commander asked for an armistice. Grant made the now famous reply: "No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works." The Confederate garrison, with its 11,500 men, 40 guns, and great quantities of ammunition, surrendered. Confederate losses at Donelson were 2,000 killed and wounded; Union losses, 2,700.

Grant's next major engagement was at Shiloh, in western Tennessee. After 2 days of bloody battle, and greatly outnumbered, the Confederates were forced to retreat. Confederate casualties were over 10,000; the Union more than 13,000.

On October 25, 1862, Grant was ordered to take Vicksburg, Miss., the principal Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.

1863-In January, Grant moved his troops down from Memphis and took a position at Young's Point, which is about 20 miles above Vicksburg, off the west bank of the Mississippi River. Situated on a steep bluff, 235 feet above the east bank of the river, Vicksburg held a strategic location and almost impregnable position. As early as 1791 it had been developed by the Spanish for use as a fortress. After futile attempts to cross the river in the vicinity of Vicksburg, Grant moved his forces south to a a point where Bruinsburg lay, across the river. Here he waited for the Union fleet which sailed downstream and withstood the fire of Vicksburg's guns on the night of April 16. Within 2 weeks, the Union forces were carried across the river and promptly moved northeast and dispersed a Confederate force at Fort Gibson.

Augmenting Grant's forces, Sherman arrived by crossing the river at Grand Gulf, above Bruinsburg, and proceeded to the east of Vicksburg, where they captured the main supply base at Jackson. The Confederates moved some forces out from Vicksburg and engaged Union troops at Champion's Hill, which lies midway between Jackson and Vicksburg; but they were driven back to Vicksburg. After two heavy, unsuccessful assaults on Vicksburg, Grant settled down to siege warfare. On July 4, unable to obtain reinforcements or supplies, Vicksburg finally surrendered. Confederate losses were 10,000 dead, 31,000 prisoners, including 15 generals; the Union losses were almost as staggering-9,400 dead.

The climax to Grant's achievements in the year 1863 took place when he moved on to Chattanooga in October, to relieve a beleaguered Union Army which had been held in a state of siege by Confederate forces. As a major general and commanding the Army of the West (as the Vicksburg army was henceforth called), Grant was joined by the armies of his three generals, Sheridan, Sherman, and Thomas. After a month of preparation, the Union forces engaged the Confederates in a battle. Union forces cleared the top of Lookout Mountain of Confederate troops on the 24th. On the 25th, Union troops were ordered to seize the Confederate rifle pits at the foot of Missionary Ridge. They seized the pits and then, without waiting for further orders, they stormed up the steep and crumbling sides of the mountain in the face of a deadly fire from 30 cannons trained on every path

trading post as early as 1745, was garrisoned by less than 200 American troops under the command of Maj. George Croghan.

Proctor hoped that Fort Stephenson would be surrendered without a struggle and he argued with Croghan that if it were necessary to take the fort by storm, the Indians could not be restrained. Croghan would not yield; he had told his commanding officer, Gen. William Henry Harrison that "We have determined to maintain this place, and by Heaven we will."

On August 2, 1813, the British began their assault. The fort was bombarded by gunboats in the river, and from shore batteries of three 6-pounders. Not being able to make a breach, the British 41st Regiment marched to the pickets of the fort. They were mowed down by Croghan's Kentucky sharpshooters. The fort had only one piece of artillery, affectionately known as "Old Betsy," which was uncovered and brought to bear on the enemy. With great and effective force, Old Betsy emitted nails and grape. After 2 hours and with a loss of all of his officers, Proctor withdrew, leaving casualties of 26 dead, 38 wounded, and about 30 missing. American casualties were one killed and seven wounded. After the disaster at Fort Stephenson,

Proctor raised the siege at Fort Meigs and fell back to Canada.

GEORGE CROGHAN

1791-Born near Louisville, Ky.

1810 Graduated from William and Mary College, Va. 1811-Was a volunteer aide-de-camp to Colonel Boyd. second in command at the Battle of Tippecanoe. 1812-Appointed captain in the regular army. Marched with a Kentucky detachment, under General Winchester, to relieve General Hull in Canada. 1813-Commissioned major; made an excellent record in the defense of Fort Meigs, where he served as an aide to General Harrison.

Distinguished himself at Fort Stephenson, for which he was later brevetted a lieutenant colonel, and awarded a gold medal by resolution of the Congress on February 13, 1835.

1817-Resigned his commission. 1824-Served as a postmaster; reentered the Army. 1825-Promoted to rank of Inspector General and colonel. 1846-Served under Gen. Zachary Taylor in Mexico, taking part in the Battle of Monterey. 1849-Died in New Orleans, January 8.