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Saulsbury, and Powell. - Adopted. Basis of law. - Ignored by slavery.
-Laws against colored witnesses. - Mr. Wilson's bill.-Sumner's amend-
ment. - Amendment to the Civil Appropriation Bill, and speech. - Oppo-
sition. Saulsbury. — Disqualifications for carrying the mails. — Mr.
Sumner's bill. — Adopted. — In the House. Report by Mr. Colfax.
Failed. - New bill. Collamer, Powell, Hendricks. — Passage 505-515
Early efforts.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
RECONSTRUCTION. · PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S POLICY.
- Difficulties great and manifest. Not provided for. -
Questions. Measures proposed but not acted on. - President's annual
message and proclamation. — Terms proposed. Sharply criticised.
Committee of Nine: Winter Davis's bill. His speech. Smithers.
- Debate. — Prominence of the emancipation feature. - Beaman, Sco-
field, Donnelly, Boutwell. - Opposed by Pendleton, Wood, Yeaman, and
Kernan. Substitute and passage. Senate and conference. Bill
passed. Not signed by the President. President's proclamation.
Condemned. Address of Wade and Davis.
The President's desire. - General Banks's proclamation to the people of Lou-
isiana. Response. - Arkansas. — Lane's bill and failure. - Trumbull's
bill. Report. Debate. Sumner's amendment. Powell in opposi-
tion. - Davis. - Republican opposition. - Sumner, Howard. What is
a State?-Wade. - Bill defended. - Henderson. - House. — Ashley's
bill. Debate. Dawes, opposition of. Wood. Substitute.-H.
Winter Davis. Amendments proposed. · Bill laid on the table. -
J. F. Wilson's bill for supremacy of Constitution. Substitute. - Brief
debate.
Persistent adhesion of Northern Democrats to the South. Republican
weariness of the war, criticisms, and divisions. Serious opposition to
the President.-Fomented by Rebel emissaries. - Union successes and
growing confidence. — General Grant. — Cleveland convention. Presi-
dent severely condemned. — Wendell Phillips's letter and speech.
Garrison's reply. — Republican convention. — Robert J. Breckinridge's
speech.-Resolutions. — Unanimous nomination of Mr. Lincoln. — An-
drew Johnson. - Letter of acceptance. - Northern conspiracy. - Judge
Holt's report. O. A. K.-Its annual meeting simultaneous. with the
Attempted rising in
Proposed release of Rebel
- Rebel clerk's
Democratic convention. Large numbers implicated, and its wide ex-
tent. - Voorhees. Democratic complicity. - Diabolical oaths and pur-
poses.
Slavery the source. - Rebel emissaries and plans. Burning
Northern cities. Language of Southern papers.
the Northwestern States. - General Price.
prisoners. — Vallandigham's representations at the South.
diary. —R. J. Sanders. Meeting at Niagara Falls. Mr. Greeley. ·
President's letter. Failure. - Rebel trick. - Pressure on the party.
Visit of Jaques and Gilmore to Richmond. - Davis's defiant response.
Favorably affects the Union cause. - Democratic convention. Proposed
release of prisoners. Seymour presides. — Vallandigham the ruling
spirit. Resolutions. The war a "failure," and its cessation demanded.
- McClellan and Pendleton nominated. - The country startled. - Sew-
ard's speech.-Fremont's withdrawal. - Sumner's speech. Gratulations
of the Southern press. - Vigorous canvass. - Results
543-561
CHAPTER XL.
CLOSING SESSION OF XXXVIIITH CONGRESS. MESSAGE. — ATTEMPTED
NEGOTIATIONS.
Prelude.
Auspicious events. Republican victory.
Previous suspense.
- Great rejoicing. - President indorsed. - New York "Times." - New
revolution. - Message of Davis. - Impressment of slaves. - Proposed
change of policy. Confederate Congress. Miles, Gholson, Foote.-
Opposition. Richmond "Whig." South Carolina. - Resolutions. —
Governor Smith. How viewed by the Federal government. Lincoln's
antislavery policy. - Recommends constitutional amendment. Hope-
ful views. Negotiations unavailable. Condition precedent.-F. P.
Blair, Sr. Deputed, he visits Richmond. - Letter of Davis. — The
Confederate commissioners. - President sends Mr. Seward. Goes him-
Rejected. Rebel account. - Presidential
Failure..-Coincidence. Davis's boastful and defiant words. -
562-573
Special interest. - First inauguration.
Great change.
Slavery destroyed.
Great uncertainty and anxiety. -
Freed from compromise. — Re-
ligious aspects of the case. Both parties disappointed. The retrib
utive judgments of God to be feared. Charity. — Inaugural highly
commended. Its influence very great. — Mr. Johnson's unseemly course.
- General disgust. Meeting of Republicans. Cause of estrange-
CHAPTER XLII.
MR. LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION.
Appalling intelligence. - Ford's Theatre. The President shot. - Assas-
sin's escape.
- Concerted
President's death. — Assault on Mr. Seward. ·
plan. - Wide-spread impression. - Feeling of personal loss. Remem-
bered virtues. - Political fears. Confederate leaders suspected. Re-
wards offered. Probable solution. Prompt and vigorous pursuit.
Success. - Booth's death. - Trial and execution of conspirators.
versal mourning. Funeral cortége and incidents. - Springfield. — His
character. Closing scenes.
- Demonstration in other countries. — Dis-
raeli. - London "Times" and "Daily News."-General estimate. —
Inadequate apprehension of reconstruction
Uni-
579-590
Mr. Johnson takes oath of office. Remarks and replies to delegations.
Vigorous policy promised. Republican hopes and expectations. -
Change in the President's views and policy. — Interview with colored
delegation. - Claims. - Announces an unfriendly policy. - Emigration.
-Inferior race.
Disseverance from and hostility to his party. - Rea-
"Swinging around the circle.". Bitter reproaches against Con-
gress. Results. Revival of Rebel spirit. Proclamation to North
Carolina and other States. Colored people excluded from suffrage.
Persecution of white Union men. - Unfriendly and cruel legislation.
Examples
Important epoch. Mr. Colfax. - Momentous problem. Intrinsic and ex-
trinsic difficulties. Southern attitude. - Implacable hostility. - Mr.
Johnson's position. - Defines his policy. - Forsakes his party. — Ex-
ecutive assumption. Meeting of Congress. General bewilderment.
Fessenden. Representative opinions. Stevens's resolution. In the
Senate. - Anthony's amendment and remarks. "Lincoln-Johnson poli-
Doolittle's speech. - Fessenden's defence of Congress. — Howe's
resolution and speech. -- Vigorous debate in the House. — Improved tone.
-Indefiniteness of views. - Debate on referring message.
Spaulding, Shellabarger, Bingham. Freedmen
CHAPTER XLV.
THE KU-KLUX KLAN.
Supposed origin in Tennessee. Incipient movements. Dangerous ten-
dencies. Secrecy. - Pretended designs. - Testimony of General Forrest.
-Report of Congressional Committee. — Testimony of army officers.
Whippings and murders in South Carolina. - Outrages in Alabama and
Mississippi. Attacks on teachers and clergymen. — Extent of the order.
- Effect on elections. - Passage of Enforcement Act. - President's proc-
lamation
631-646
Plan of Robert Dale
promise. Severe criticism. - Defeated resolution.
Owen. - Reason for rejection. - Facts and principles involved in the effort.
- Democratic arguments. - Boyer, Eldridge, Rogers. — Republicans sup-
port it for different reasons. - Schenck, Raymond, Eliot, Boutwell, Dawes,
Banks. President's policy criticised and defended. - Phelps, Ingersoll. -
Resolution adopted. - Senate.-Amendments offered. - Caucus. - Amend- ment as finally adopted. - President's message. Mr. Seward's certificate. -Action of the Senate. . 647-660
CHAPTER XLVII.
FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT.
Fourteenth Amendment defective. Mr. Boutwell reports resolution in the
House and opens the debate. - Democratic reply. — Eldridge, Kerr, Beck.
- Amendments offered by Bingham, Ward, Shellabarger, and speeches.
Boutwell's rejoinder. - Speech of B. H. Butler. — Resolutions adopted.
False accusations of partisanship. - Patriotic purposes of the Republicans.
Resolutions reported to the Senate. Speech of Stewart. Senate reso-
lution adopted. House resolution reported. - Amendments and substi-
tutes proposed. -Speeches of Ferry, Dixon, Morton. Woman suffrage.
- Mr. Sumner opposes the resolution. — Too sanguine. — Mr. Willey's
speech. - Republican opposition. — Dixon, Doolittle, Norton. - Twenty-
four hours' debate. Speech and amendment of Mr. Wilson. - Defence
of Republican policy. - Vote and conference. - Adoption of amendment.
- Ratification by the States. President's special message . 661-683
Forces involved. - Ex-Rebel purpose to defeat the Amendments. — Counter-
purpose. Mr. Wilson's bill and speech. Speech of Mr. Sumner. —
Johnson, Sherman, Trumbull, Saulsbury, Cowan, Wilson. - Bill laid
aside. Trumbull's bill. Debate and radical purpose. — Difficulties and
diversity of opinion. Trumbull, Howard, Morrill. Democratic oppo-
sition. Hendricks, Cowan, Davis. - House debate. — Bingham, Delano,
Raymond, Broomall, Wilson, Shellabarger. - Bill passed. — Vetoed.
Debate. Johnson, Trumbull, Wade, Henderson.
Final passage 684-696
CHAPTER XLIX.
INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIAN CHURCHES AND ASSOCIATIONS.
led the way.
Clergy
South not united for secession. - Appeals to churches. - R. L. Stanton. -
Arraignment of Southern clergy. Proofs. Thornwell, Palmer. - Ad-
dress. Damaging testimony. - Amazing record. — Defection and its
causes.-Synod of Mississippi.-Southern argument. - Leaders.
Thornwell, Ross, Smythe, Hopkins, Seabury, Adams.
South Side view. Fisk, Stuart, Tyler, Bacon, Beecher. — Indorsement
of Webster's 7th of March speech. Presbyterian Church. - Benevolent
associations. A. B. C. F. M. Ecclesiastical odium and social ostra-
cism. - Lewis Tappan, Leonard Woods, Jr.
Cincinnati Christian Convention.
Humiliating attitude.
- Albert Barnes, John Jay. - North-
ern fellowship.
- Its cost and protests. Causes of defection. - Grave
difficulties of the situation. Christian antislavery effort. Painful
struggles. Small success. - Appeals to missionary associations. — For-
mation of new societies on an antislavery basis. - American Missionary
Association. — Church Antislavery Society. - Republican party. — Min-
isters and members of churches largely Republican.
of similar principles. — Easy repeal of slave-laws. Voluntary and suicidal
relinquishment of power.
ment largely proslavery.
Subsidiary topics. — Exponents
Divine method. — Repeal of slaveholding laws.
-Peonage. Attempted legislation. - Border slave-States. — Leadership.
- Hostility to the Republican policy. - Protests of Kentucky and Mary-
land. - Impeachment and trial of President Johnson.