and few such are to be found in Denmark, Sweden, and Poland. According to Linnæus, the Goths are very tall, have sleek light-coloured, silver hair, and blue eyes. The Finlanders are muscular and fleshy, with long and light yellow hair, the iris of the eye a deep yellow.

If we collect the accounts of travellers, it will appear, that there are as many varieties among the race of Negroes as the whites. They also have their Tartars and their Circassians. The Blacks on the coast of Guinea are extremely ugly, and emit an insufferable scent. Those of Sofala and Mozambique are handsome, and have no ill smell. These two species of Negroes resemble each other rather in colour than features. Their hair, skin, the odour of their bodies, their manners and propensities, are exceedingly different. Those of Cape Verd have by no means so disagreeable a smell as the natives of Angola. Their skin also is more smooth and black, their body better made, their features less hard, their tempers more mild, and their shape better.

The Negroes of Senegal are the best formed, and best receive instruction. The Nagos are the most humane, the Mondongos the most cruel, the Mimes the most resolute, capricious, and subject to despair.

The Guinea Negroes are extremely limited in their capacities. Many of them appear to be wholly stupid; or, never capable of counting more than three, remain in a thoughtless state if not acted upon, and have no memory; yet,

bounded as is their understanding, they have much feeling, have good hearts, and the seeds of all virtue.

The Hottentots have all very flat and broad noses; but these they would not have, did not their mothers suppose it their duty to flatten the nose shortly after birth. They have also very thick lips, especially the upper; the teeth white, the eyebrows thick, the head heavy, the body meagre, and the limbs slender.

The inhabitants of Canada, and all these confines, are rather tall, robust, strong, and tolerably well made, have black hair and eyes, very white teeth, tawny complexions, little beard, and no hair, or almost none, on any other part of the body. They are hardy and indefatigable in marching, swift of foot, alike support the extremes of hunger, or excess in feeding; are daring, courageous, haughty, grave, and mode-. rate. So strongly do they resemble the eastern Tartars in complexion, hair, eyes, the almost want of beard, and hair, as well as in their inclinations and manners, that we should suppose them the descendants of that nation, did we not see the two people separated from each other by a vast ocean. They also are under the same latitude, which is an additional proof of the influence of climate on the colour, and even on the form of man.

CHAP. XIX.

Some of the most remarkable Passages from an excellent Essay on National Physiognomy, by Professor Kant of Konigsberg.

THE supposition of Maupertius, that a race of men might be established in any province, in whom understanding, probity, and strength, should be hereditary, could only be realized by the possibility of separating the degenerate from the conformable births; a project which, in my opinion, might be practicable, but which, in the present order of things, is prevented by the wiser dispositions of nature, according to which the wicked and the good are intermingled, that by the irregularities and vices of the former, the latent powers of the latter may be put in motion, and impelled to approach perfection. If nature, without transplantation or foreign mixture, be left undisturbed, she will, after many generations, produce a lasting race, that shall ever remain distinct.

If we divide the human race into four princi pal classes, it is probable that the intermediate ones, however perpetuating and conspicuous, may be immediately reduced to one of these. 1. The race of Whites. 2. The Negroes. 3. The Huns (Monguls, or Calmucs.) 4. The Hindoos, or people of Hindostan.

External things may well be the accidental, but not the primary causes of what is inherited or assimilated. As little as chance, or physicomechanical causes can produce an organized body, as little can they add any thing to its power of propagation; that is to say, produce a thing, which shall propagate itself by having a peculiar form, or proportion of parts.

Man was undoubtedly intended to be the inhabitant of all climates, and all soils. Hence the seeds of many internal propensities must be latent in him, which shall remain inactive, or be put in motion, according to his situation on the earth. So that, in progressive generations, he shall appear as if born for that particular soil in which he seems planted.

The air and the sun appear to be these causes, which most influence the powers of propagation, and effect a durable development of germ and propensities; that is to say, the air and the sun may be the origin of a distinct race. The variations which food may produce must soon disappear on transplantation. That which affects the propagating powers must not act upon the support of life, but upon its original source, its first principle, animal conformation, and motion.

A man transplanted to the frigid zone must decrease in stature, since, if the power or momentum of the heart continues the same, the circulation must be performed in a shorter time, the pulse become more rapid, and the heat of the blood increased. Thus Crantz found the

Greenlanders not only inferior in stature to the Europeans, but also that they had a remarkably greater heat of body. The very disproportion between' the length of the body and the shortness of the legs, in the northern people, is suitable to their climate; since the extremes of the body, by their distance from the heart, are more subject to the attacks of cold.

The prominent parts of the countenance, which can less be guarded from cold, by the care of nature for their preservation, have a propensity to become more flat. The rising cheekbone, the half-closed, blinking eyes, appear to be intended for the preservation of sight against the dry, cold air, and the effusions of light from the snow, (to guard against which the Esquimaux use snow spectacles) though they may be the natural effect of the climate, since they are found only in a smaller degree in milder latitudes. Thus gradually are produced the beardless chin, the flatted nose, thin lips, blinking eyes, flat countenances, red-brown complexion, black hair, and, in a word, the face of the CalSuch properties, by continued propagation, at length, form a distinct race, which continues to remain distinct, even when transplanted into warmer climates.

muc.

The copper colour, or red-brown, appears to be as natural an effect of the acidity of the air, in cold climates, as the olive brown of the alcaline and bilious juices in warm; without taking the native disposition of the American into the