(like the foreheads of most of the great men of England) or nearly square.

A freedom from unevenness and wrinkles, yet with the power of wrinkling, when deep in thought, afflicted by pain, or from just indignation.

Above it must retreat, project beneath.

The eyebones must be simple, horizontal, and, if seen from above, must present a pure curve. There should be a small cavity in the centre, from above to below, and traversing the forehead so as to separate into four divisions, which can only be perceptible by a clear descending light.

The skin must be more clear in the forehead than in the other parts of the countenance.

The forehead must every where be composed of such outlines as, if the section of one-third only be viewed, it can scarcely be determined whether the lines are straight or circular.

24. Short, wrinkled, knotty, regular, pressed in one side, and sawcut foreheads, with interesting wrinkles, are incapable of durable friendship.

25. Be not discouraged so long as a friend, an enemy, a child, or a brother, though a transgressor, has a good, well proportioned, open forehead; there is still much certainty of improvement, much cause of hope.

CHAP. VIII.

Of the Eyes and Eyebrows.

BLUE eyes are generally more significant of weakness, effeminacy, and yielding, than brown and black. True it is, there are many powerful men with blue eyes; but I find more strength, manhood, and thought, combined with brown than with blue. Wherefore does it happen that the Chinese, or the people of the Philippine Islands, are very seldom blue-eyed; and that Europeans only, or the descendants of Europeans, have blue eyes in those countries? This is the more worthy inquiry, because there are no people more effeminate, luxurious, peaceable or indolent, than the Chinese.

Choleric men have eyes of every colour, but more brown, and inclined to green, than blue. This propensity to green is almost a decisive token of ardour, fire, and courage.

I have never met with clear blue eyes in the melancholic, seldom in the choleric; but most in the phlegmatic temperament, which, however, had much activity.

When the under arch described by the upper eyelid is perfectly circular, it always denotes goodness and tenderness, but also fear, timidity, and weakness.

The open eye, not compressed, forming a long,

acute angle with the nose, I have but seldom seen, except in acute and understanding persons.

Hitherto I have seen no eye, where the eyelid formed a horizontal line over the pupil, that did not appertain to a very acute, able, subtle man; but be it understood, that I have met with this eye in very worthy men, but men of great penetration and simulation.

Wide, open eyes, with the white seen under the apple, I have often observed in the timid and phlegmatic, and also in the courageous and rash. When compared, however, the fiery, and the feeble, the determined and the undetermined, will easily be distinguished. The former are more firm, more strongly delineated, have less obliquity, have thicker, better cut, but less skinny eyelids.

ADDITION.

From the Gotha Court Calendar, 1771, or rather from Buffon.

"The colours most common to the eyes are, the orange, yellow, green, blue, grey, and grey mixed with white. The blue and orange are most predominant, and are often found in the same eye. Eyes supposed to be black are only yellow, brown, or a deep orange; to convince ourselves of which, we need but look at them closely; for when seen at a distance, or turned

towards the light, they appear to be black; because the yellow-brown colour is so contrasted to the white of the eye, that the opposition makes it supposed black. Eyes also of a less dark colour pass for black eyes, but are not esteemed so fine as the other, because the contrast is not so great. There are also yellow and light yellow eyes, which do not appear black, because the colours are not deep enough to be overpowered by the shade.

"It is not uncommon to perceive shades of orange, yellow, grey, and blue, in the same eye; and whenever blue appears, however small the tincture, it becomes the predominant colour, and appears in streaks, over the whole iris. The orange is in flakes, round, and at some little distance from the pupil; but is so strongly effaced by the blue, that the eye appears wholly blue, and the mixture of orange is only perceived when closely inspected.

"The finest eyes are those which we imagine to be black or blue. Vivacity and fire, which are the principal characteristics of the eyes, are the more emitted when the colours are deep and contrasted, rather than when slightly shaded. Black eyes have most strength of expression, and most vivacity; but the blue have most mildness, and perhaps are more arch. In the former there is an ardour uninterruptedly bright, because the colour, which appears to us uniform, every way emits similar reflections. But modifications are distinguished in the light which animates blue

eyes, because there are various tints of colour, which produce various reflections.

"There are eyes which are remarkable for having what may be said to be no colour. They appear to be differently constituted from others. The iris has only some shades of blue, or grey, so feeble, that they are, in some parts, almost white; and the shades of orange which intervene are so small that they scarcely can be distinguished from grey or white, notwithstanding the contrast of these colours. The black of the pupil is then too marking, because the colour of the iris is not deep enough, and, as I may say, we see only the pupil in the centre of the eye. These eyes are unmeaning, and appear to be fixed and aghast.

"There are also eyes, the colour of the iris of which is almost green; but these are more uncommon than the blue, the grey, the yellow, and the yellow-brown. There are also people whose eyes are not both of the same colour.

"The images of our secret agitations are particularly painted in the eyes. The eye appertains more to the soul than any other organ; seems affected by, and to participate in, all its motions; expresses sensations the most lively, passions the most tumultuous, feelings the most delightful, and sentiments the most delicate. It explains them in all their force, in all their purity, as they take birth; and transmits them by traits so rapid, as to infuse into other minds the fire, the activity, the very image with which