barossa, 219; Welf and Waiblingen (Ho- henstaufen), 223; interregnum, 225; Ru- dolf of Hapsburg, 244; Ludwig and Frederic, 247; Luxemburg emperors, golden bull, 248; city leagues, 249; council of Constance, 251; house of Hapsburg, 253; Max, 300; reformation, 301; Charles V., 302: peace of Augs- burg, 306; anti-reformation, 306; thirty years' war, 308; peace of Westphalia, 315; Leopold I., 371; war of the Span- ish succession, 390; pragmatic sanction, 398; Polish succession, 398; male line of Hapsburg extinct, 400; war of Austrian succession, Maria Theresa, and Frederic the Great of Prussia, 400; seven years' war, 403; Joseph II., 407; war with first French republic, 453; peace of Lune- ville, 462; enactment of imperial dele- gates, 464; end of the Holy Roman em- pire, 468. Confederation of the Rhine, 468; war of liberation, 475; congress of Vienna, 482; establishment of the German confederation, 483; reactionary measures in Germany, 487, 490; founda- tion of the Zollverein, 491; Göttingen professors expelled, 491; revolutionary movements, 492; national assembly, 493; constitution completed, 497; conference at Olmütz, 498; confederation renewed, 498; German (Austro-Prussian) war, 507; North German confederation, 510, 511; Franco-German war, 513; capture of Paris, 519; German empire founded, 519, 520; Kulturkampf, 521, 525; congress of Berlin, 524; tobacco monopoly de- feated, 526.
Gero, margr., 194, 195. Gerontes, 50.
Gerson, 251.
Gertruydenburg, 393. Gessler, 246
Gettysburg, battle of, 558.
Ghazni, supremacy of the sultans of, 211. Ghent, pacification of, 331; peace of, 474, 537, 551.
Ghibellines, 219.
Gibraltar, whence named, 183 n.
English, 392, 434; ceded to England, 437; defended by Elliott, 440.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 289. Gilbert, Raleigh, 293.
Golconda kingdom, 353; annexed to Mu- ghal empire, 389; Nizam of, 443
Golden bull, of H. R. E., 248; of Hungary, 277.
Golden rule enunciated by Confucius, 31. Göllheim, battle of, 246.
Gomez, Estevan, voyage of, 286. "Good" parliament, 269.
Gordianus I., II., III., Roman emp., 155; Persian exp., 188.
Gordias, kings of Phrygia, 22.
Gordon assists Peter the Great, 374. Gordon, col. ("Chinese "), suppresses Tai- ping rebellion, 562.
Gordon, lord George, 440. Gorges, sir Fernando, 295-297. Görgey, 495.
Gorkhas, conquest by Chinese, 444. Gorm the Old, k. of Denmark, 207. Gortschakoff, in Sebastopol, 500; retires, 526.
Görz, baron von, 396, 406.
Gosnold, Bartholomew, 290, 291.
Gracchus, Caius, attempts revolutionary reforms, 124; tribune, 125; death, 126. Gracchus, Tiberius, victory over the Celti- berians, 118.
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, attempts revolutionary reforms, 124.
Grafton, d. of, 424; administration, 424, 440.
Granada, kingdom of, 275; conquest of, 276.
Grand alliance between England, Holland, and others, 370, 391.
Grand remonstrance presented to Charles I., 346.
Granicus, battle of the, 74. Granson, battle of, 262.
Grant, U. S., takes Fort Donelson, 557; Vicksburg, 558; lieut.-gen., 558; Lee capitulates to, 559; president of U. S., 560.
Great rebellion, in England, 347; in the Guthorm, 204. United States, 557.
Great wall of China, 32. Great war of liberation, 475. Greece, geography, 39; religion, 41; my- thological history, 43: Thessalian and Dorean migrations, 47; early constitu- tions, 50, 52; Persian wars, 28, 56-60; hegemony of Sparta, 56; hegemony of Athens, 61; age of Pericles, 64; Pelopon- nesian war, 64-69; hegemony of Sparta, 69; hegemony of Thebes, 70; rise of Macedonia, 71; Macedonian supremacy, 73; empire of Alexander, 73-76; strug- gles of the Diadochi, 76; formation of separate kingdoms, 77; Lamian war, 79; Achæan and Etolian leagues, 79: de- clared independent, 119; Macedonia, Roman province, 122; Achaia, Roman province, 147; Morea, conquered by Ven- ice, 372; by Turks, 397, 416; war of in- dependence, 488; revolution, 505. Greek colonies, 19, 20.
Greene, gen., 431.
Greenland, discovery of, 209, 280. Gregorian calendar introduced, adopted by England, 420, 438.
Gregory I., pope, 175; VI., 199; VII. (Hil- debrand), 199, 200; IX., 224; XII., 251; abdicated. 252; XIII., reformed the cal- endar, 327; XVI., 492.
Grenville, George, prime minister, 423; leader of Commons, 439. Grenville, lord, prime minister, 537. Grenville, sir Richard, 289.
Grévy, Jules, pres. of the French republic, 534.
Grey, e., prime minister, 539; resigned, 540. Grey, lady Jane, 336. Grijalva, Juan de, 285. Grimoald, 175.
Grochow, battle of, 490.
Grodno, diet of, 413.
Grosbeeren, battle of, 477.
Gross-Gorschen, battle of, 476. Grossjägerndorf, battle of, 404. Grumbach, execution of, 306.
Guadaloupe, Hidalgo, treaty of, 554. Guanabani, its identification, 282. Guastalla, house of, 311, 416. Guatimozin, k. of Mexico, 285.
Guébriant, French marshal, 314. Guelfs. See Welfs.
Guesclin, Bertrand du, 259, 276. Gueux, 330.
Guilford, battle of, 431.
Guinegaste, "battle of the spurs," 319, 334. Guines captured from the English, 321. Guise, house of, 319, 321.
Guizot, 527; ministry of, 497, 529; with Soult, 530
Gunpowder first used, 279. Gunpowder plot, 340.
Gunther of Schwarzburg, 248. Guntram, 181.
Guptas in India, 24, 210. Gurko, 522, 523.
Gustavus I., Vasa, k. of Sweden, 352; II., Adolphus, reign in Sweden, 352; in the thirty years' war, 311; death of, 312; III., 409; IV., abdication of, 472. Gutenberg, John, early printer, 253.
Guy of Lusignan, k. of Jerusalem, 214, 215, 216.
Guyenne, transferred from France to Eng- land, 226, 231; ceded to England, 258; lost, 260. See Aquitania.
Guzerat, expedition of Mahmud to, 211; conquest of, 241: Afghan kings, 353. Gyges, k. of Lydia, 6, 21. Gylippus, 67. Gyulay, 502.
Habeas corpus act, 381; suspended, 388, 535, 536, 538; in Ireland, 544. Hadrian, Roman emp., revolt of Jews un- der, 12, 37; reign, 153; in Britain, 176. Hafurstfjord, battle of, 208. Hagelberg, battle of, 477. Hague, convention of the, 396. Haidar Ali of Mysore, 442, 444. Haidarábád, nizam of, 443. Hakem II., 209.
Hakodate, battle of, 563.
Hakon, k. of Norway, 208; IV., 238; V., 238; VII., 237, 238; VIII, 238. Hakon Jarl, k. of Norway, 208. Hale, Nathan, 428.
Hales, sir Edward, 383.
Halfdan the Black, k. of Norway, 208. Haliartus, battle of, 70.
Halifax, member of council, 381; in oppo- sition, 382; pres. of council, 383; pres. of provisional council, 355; resigns, 387; impeached, 388; not in council, 433; whig leader, 435; first lord of treas. 436. Halifax, e. of, sec. of state, 439. Halland, 236, 238.
Hanging gardens in Babylon, 12. Hannibal, destroys Saguntum, 113; crosses the Alps, 113; arouses the Gauls, 35, 114; Cannæ, 115; before the gates of Rome, 110; leaves Italy, 117; defeated at Zama, 118; received by Antiochus, 119; death, 120.
Hanover, ninth electorate, 372; treaty with Sweden, 396; allied with Prussia, 404; treaty with England, 437; receives Osnabrück, 465; Prussia receives H., 467; Napoleon wishes to take away, 468; occupied by French, 469; becomes king- dom under Geo. III. of England, 538; separation from Great Britain, 491, 542 invaded by Prussians, 508; incorporated with Prussia, 510.
Hanseatic cities annexed to France, 473. Hanseatic league, 237, 249.
Hapsburg counts in Switzerland, 245.
Hapsburg, house of, 253; male line ex- | Hengestesdun, battle of, 181, 203. tinct, 400; deposition, 495. Hardeknut. See Harthacnut. Hardenberg, 457, 482.
Hardinge, sir Henry, gov. gen. in India, 546.
Harley, Robert, speaker, 388, 433; dis- missed from cabinet, 434; attempted as- sassination, 435; created earl of Oxford and Mortimer, 435. Harmodius, 54.
Harold Hildetand, k. of Denmark, 207; Blue-tooth, k. of Denmark, 207; Heyn, k. of Denmark, 208.
Harold I., Harefoot (son of Cnut), k. of England, 206; II. (son of Godwine), 206.
Harold Haarfager, k. of Norway, 208; Hardrada, k. of Norway, invaded Eng- land, 206; war with Denmark, 207; founds Opsla, 209; Gille, k. of Norway, 238.
Haroun-al-Rashid, 186, 210. Harpagus, 26.
Harrison, Wm. H., pres. of U. S., 554. Hartford convention, 551.
Harthacnut, k. of England, 206; k. of Den- mark (Hardeknut), 207.
Hartington, marquis of, sec. for India, 546. Harvard College, 297.
Hasdrubal, in Spain, 113; defeated, 115; death, 117.
Hasdrubal, son of Gisgo, 117.
Hastenbeck, battle of, 404.
Hastings, battle of, 206.
Hennepin, discovers Mississippi, 364. Henry, d. of Anjou. See Henry III., k. of France.
Henry the Bastard, k. of Castile, 276. Henry the Quarrelsome, d. of Bavaria, 196, 197; the Proud, d. of Bavaria, 218, 219; Jasomirgott, d. of Bavaria, 219.
Henry I., k. of England, reign, 230; II., Beauclerc, acquired Poitou, Guyenne, and Gascony by marriage, 226; reign, 231; conquest of Ireland, Becket, 232; III. of England, reign, 234; IV. (d. of Lancaster), reign, 270; V., war with France, 259; reign, 271; VI. in France, 259; reign, 271; captured, 277; put to death, 274; VII. (e. of Richmond), 275; reign, 333; VIII., alliance with Charles V., 305; reign, 334; head of church, 335. Henry I., k. of France, 203; II., treaty with Charles V., 305; reign, 319; acquisition of Brittany, 320; of Calais, Metz, Toul, and Verdun, 321; III., reign, 322; k. of Poland, 352; IV. (Navarre), part in the wars of religion, 322; reign, 324; "V.,"
Henry I., k. of Germany, 194, 195; II. (the Saint), emp. H. R. E., 197, 198; III. (the Black), 199; IV., 199, 200; V., 201; VI., 222, 223; VII., 245.
Henry of Champagne, k. of Jerusalem, 216. Henry of Guise, 321.
Henry of Navarre. See Henry IV., k. of France.
Hastings, Warren, sketch of life of, gov.- Henry of Plauen, 277.
gen. of India, 444.
Hatto, archb. of Mainz, 194.
Havana, surrendered to English, 422; re-
stored to Spain, 423.
Hawaii, 442.
Hayes, R. B., pres. of the United States, 560.
Haynau, 495, 496, 498.
Heathfield, battle of, 179.
Hébert, 451, 454, 455. Hebrides, conquest of, 209. Hector, 47.
Hegemony of Argos, 48; of Sparta, 56, 69; of Athens, 61; of Thebes, 70; of Mace- donia, 73.
Herod (the Great), k. of Judea, 11. Herod Agrippa, I., k. of Judea, 11. Herrenhausen, alliance of, 398. Herzegovina, revolt, 521; given to Aus- tria, 524; disturbance in, 525; sup- pressed, 526.
Hesse, origin, 225, 492.
Hesse-Cassel, in peace of Westphalia, 316; becomes an electorate, 464; not in con- federacy of the Rhine, 468; revolution in, 492; invaded by Prussians, 504; in- corporated with Prussia, 510. Hesse-Darmstadt, joins confederacy of the Rhine, 468; joins allies, 479. Hia, dynasty of, in China, 31. Hideyoshi, government of, 355, 356. Hiempsal, 126. Hienfung, 561.
Hiero, k. of Syracuse, 110, 115. Hieroglyphics, 3.
Holstein-Gottorp, house of in Sweden, 409; in Russia, 411.
Holy alliance, 485; Monroe's attitude con- cerning, 552.
334. Holy league against France, 300, 318, 326,
Holy league in France, 322.
pire under Otto, 196; end of, 462, 468. Holy Roman Empire, revival of Roman em- See Germany.
Homer, 49. Holy wars, I., 52; II., 71; III., 72
Homildon Hill, battle of, 270. Hone, acquittal of, 538. Honorius, Roman emp., 38, 161. Honorius III., pope, 224. Hooker, gen., 557, 558.
Hoorn, c. von, executed, 330. Hophra, k. of Egypt, 6. Hôpital, de l', 321.
Holland, kingdom of, under Louis Bona- parte, 468; merged in kingdom of the Netherlands, 483; separated from Bel- gium, 439. See, also, Netherlands. Holland, lord, 439, 441.
Holles, impeachment of, 346, 351. Holstein, given to Adolf of Schaumberg, 218; Adolf capt. by Knut VI. of Den- mark, cedes H. to Waldemar, II., k. of Denmark, 235; ceded to Adolf the young, 235; peace of Travendal, 394; united with Denmark, 409; war with Denmark, 496; occupied by the German confedera- tion, 505 united with Prussia, 510. Holstein-Gottorp, d. of, 394, 397.
Howe, lord, occupies Philadelphia, 429. Howick, first lord of the admiralty, 537; sec. of war, 540. See earl Grey.
Hubert de Burgh, 234. Hubertsburg, peace of, 406.
Hudson Bay Company, incorporation of, 358.
Hudson's Bay, discovery of, 299, 363. Hudson, Henry, voyage of, 298. Hudson river, 294, 298. Hugh Capet, k. of France, 202. Hugh the White, d. of France, 202. Huguenots, wars of the, 321. Huguenot colony in America, 288. Humbert I., k. of Italy, 524. Humboldt, W. von, 477, 482, 487. Hundred days in France, 526. Hundred years' war, 257. Hungary, occupied by Magyars, 193, 277; Hungarians ravage Germany, 194; de- feated by Henry, 195; and Otto (Lech- feld), 196; lose Styria to Bohemia, 244; emp. Albert, II., k. of, 253; history to 1490, 277; golden bull, 277; H. united with Bohemia and secured to emp. Max., 278; war with Turks (Mohacs), disputed election, 303; Ferdinand I., elected k., 306; succession secured to Hapsburg, 372; Maria Theresa, q. of H., 400; Mo- riamur, etc., disputed, 401, n.; revolt under Kossuth, 494; constitution abol ished, 496; Feb. constitution, 504; con- stitution of H. restored, Austrian emp., k. of H. 511.
Hung Sui-tsuen, leader of the Tai-ping re bellion, 561; suicide, 562.
Independents, 349, 350.
India, visited by Tyrians, 18; geography, early religion, 22; arrival of Hindus in the Punjab, 22; settlement and con- quest, 23, castes, ib.; rise of Brahmism, ib.; of Buddhism, ib.; invasion of Alex- ander, 23, 75; Bactriau rulers, 24; Scyth- ians, Guptas, ib.: early history, 210; sui- tans of Ghazni, of Ghor, 211; sultans of Delhi, Timur Shah, 211; western route to India, 232; Mughal empire, 353; Portuguese, Dutch, English in I., East India companies, 354; Aurangzeb, 389; decline of Mughal empire, 442; Mah- ratta power, 443; British in India, Black, Hole, 443; Clive, Hastings, 444, East India Company subordinated to government, 442; Cornwallis and Wel- lington Mahratta wars, 541; queen of England proclaimed sovereign of India, 511; Afghan wars, 546, 547; Sepoy re- bellion, 546; government transferred to crown, 514; famine, 547. India bill, 535. Indians of America; rapid disappearance from West Indies, 284; John Smith cap- tured by, 291; intercourse with Plym- outh colony, 295; Pequot war, 297; Champlain among, 299; John Eliot among, 357; Hurons massacred by Iro-
quois, 357; King Philip's war, 359; Penn's treaty, 360; King William's war, 361, Queen Anne's war, Deerfield de- stroyed, 363; French among the urons, wars with Iroquois, 364; war in Caro- lina, and New England, 417; old French and Indian war, 420; conspiracy of on- tiac, 423; Wyoming massacre, 430; In- dian war, 547; Seminole war, 552, 553. Indo-European family, Introduction, X., 85, 86.
Ine, king of Wessex, 180.
Inge Baardsen, k. of Norway, 238. Ingebord, 226, 235, 238.
Ingjald Ill-raada, k. of Sweden, 208. Ingævones, 163.
Inkermann, battle of, 500.
Innocent III., pope, originates the 4th crusade, 216; obtains Mathilda's estates from Otho IV., 223; contest with John of England, 233, IV., 225.
Inquisition, establishment of, by Gregory IX., 227; by Paul 111., 327; in Spain,
Interim of Augsburg, 305.
International postal congress, 521. Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire, 225; in England, 384. Intibili, battle of, 116. Inverlochy, battle of, 348. Investiture strife, 200, 201.
Ionian Islands, retained by Venice, 326; occupied by French, ceded to France, 459; Republic of the Seven I. I. 461; forms a part of the Illyrian provinces, 472; protectorate over, given to Eng- land, 483; ceded to Greece, 505, 544. Ionians in Greece, 43; colonize Asia Mi. nor, 49; subdued by Croesus, 21; revolt from Persia, 28.
Iran, plateau of, 12; subjugated by Tiglath- Pileser II., 14; inhabited by Bactrians, Medes, Persians, 24; attacked by Assyr- ians, 25; conquered by Cyrus, 26; sul- tanate of, 210.
Ireland, ancient, geography, religion, and civilization, 38; mythical history, 38, 39; Norwegians take Dublin, 209; con- quered by Henry II., 232; English Pale, 270; statute of Drogheda, 333; rebellion of Tyrone, 339; government of Went- worth (Strafford), 344; Ulster rebellion, 345, 348; Cromwell in Ireland, storm of Drogheda, 375; war for James II., 386; battle of the Boyne, 387; treaty of Limerick, ib.; Irish catholic laws, 433, United Irishmen, 536; union with Great Britain, ib.; Irish reform act, 540; fam- ine of 1846-47, 543; uprising under O'Brien, ib. habeas corpus act suspend- ed, 544; disestablishment of the Irish (Episcopal) church, 545; land league, ib.; coercion act, land act, 546. Irene, 210. Ireton, 376.
Iroquois, war with Hurons and Canada, 364 See Indians of America. Isaac, 7.
Isaac Angelus, Grecian emp., 216. Isabeau of Bavaria, 259.
Isabella heiress of Castile 276 328.
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