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Shipka pass, 522.

Ship-money, writs for, 344.
Shisak. See Shashang I.
Shoguns, Japanese mayors of the palace,
rise of, 213; Yoritomo, 243; Ashikaga
shoguns, 278, 855; Tokugawa shoguus,
356, 445; overthrow of the shogun, 563.
Shore, sir John, gov.-gen. in India, 541.
"Short" parliament, 345.
Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 434.
Shrewsbury, battle of, 270.
Shrewsbury, e. of.

See Talbot.

Shrewsbury, e. of, 384; secretary of state,
385; resignation, 387; last lord high
treas., 435, 436.
Sicilian vespers, 226.

Sicily, Phoenician colonies in, 17; wars of
Carthaginians and Greeks in, 20; Messe-
nians settle in, 51; Syracusan expedition
of the Athenians, 67; geographical de-
scription, 83; collision between Rome
and Carthage, 110; ceded to Rome, west-
ern S. the first Roman province, 111;
war in Sicily, 116; subjugated, 117; re-
volt of slaves in, 123, 128; war with Sex-
tus Pompeius in, 146.

Sicily, kingdom of, Roger II. assumes
title of k. of the Two S., 218; Constance,
heiress of the kingdom, wife of the
emp. Henry VI., 222; war with Tancred,
223; Frederic II., 223; Manfred, 225;
Charles of Anjou receives kingdom
from the pope, 226; Sicilian vespers,
French driven from S., which falls to
Peter of Aragon, 226 (see Naples); S.
united with Aragon, 263; given as
kingdom to Savoy, 393; seized by Spain,
but abandoned, and, by Savoy, exchanged
with Austria for Sardinia, 397; after the
war of the Polish succession ceded by
Austria to Spain, with Naples, 398; S.
and Naples (as kingdom of the Two Sici-
lies) given to Ferdinand, 3d son of Charles
III. of Spain, 416; deprived of Naples
by Napoleon, the court retires to S., 468;
dynasty restored, 483; revolt, 493; Gari-
baldi liberates S., 502.
Sickingen, Franz von, 302.

Sicyon, 40, 48; joins Achæan league, 72.
Sidney, execution of, 382; sir Philip, death
of, 339.

Sidon, chief town of the Sidonians, 16;
greatest power, 17; superseded by Tyre,
18; first city of Phoenicia under Persia,
19; abandoned by crusaders, 217.
Sievershausen, battle of, 306.
Sieyes, 449, 461.

Sigibert I., k. of the Franks, 181.
Sigismund, emp. of the H. R. E., 251.

Sigismund, k. of Hungary, 277.

Sigismund III., k. of Poland, 352.

Sigurd, k. of Norway, 238.

Sigurd Ring, k. of Sweden, 207, 208.

Simon of Montfort, e. of Leicester, his par-
liament, 234.
Simony, 200.
Sindhia, 443, 541.
Sinope, battle of, 499.
Sipylus, battle of, 119.
Siraj-ud-Daulá, 443.
Sistova, peace of, 413.
Sivaji, 389, 443.

Siward, e. of Northumberland, 206.
Six articles, 335.
Sixtus V., pope, 327.
Skaania, 236, 237, 238.
Skobeleff, 523, 526.
Skrzynecki, 490.

Slavery abolished throughout the British
empire, 540; partially abolished in
Conn., 432; abolished in Massachusetts,
431; in Pennsylvania, 431; in the United
States, 433.

Slave trade abolished in British dominion,
537; in the United States, 550.

Slaves in Athens, 52; in Germany, 166,
177.

Slavonic congress in Prague, 493.

Slavs, great monarchy of, 168; religion,
169; regain their liberty, 173.
Slawata, 309.
Slidell, 544, 557.

Sluys, battle of, 257.

Smerdes. See Hirhor.

Smith, John, in Virginia, 291, 292; explo-
ration of coast of New England by, 294.
Smolensk, 474, 475.

Sobieski, John, k. of Poland, relieves Vi-
enna, 372; in Poland, 374.
Social democrats in Germany, 524.
Socialistic commune, in France, 582.
Socrates, 64, 69.

Sogdianus, k. of Persia, 29.
Soissons, battle of, 173, 181.
Solemn league and covenant, in Scotland,
344; in England, 348.
Solferino, battle of, 502.
Soliman II., sultan of Turkey, besieged
Vienna, 303; alliance with Francis 1.,
304, 305; death, 306; reign, 353.
Soliman Pasha, 522.

Solis, Juan Diaz de, 284, 285.
Solomon, k. of the Jews, 9.
Solon, of Athens, visited Croesus of Lydia,
21; constitution of, 52.
Solway Moss, battle of, 335.
Somers, lord keeper, 387;
whig leader, 435.

lord chan., 388;

Somerset, execution of, 336.
Sömmering, 486.

Soonees, 182.

Soor, battle of, 402, 509.

Sophia, princess of Hanover, 435.
Sophia of Russia, 374.

Sophocles, 64.

Sophonisbe, 117.

Sikhs, revolt, 442; two wars with the Brit- Soto, Ferdinando de, 287.
ish, 546.

Silarus, battle of, 133.

Silesia united with Bohemia, 248; claims
of Prussia, 400; retained by Prussia,
406.

Silesian wars, I., 400: II.. 402; III., 404.
Simon, J., 517; ministry, 534.
Simon of Montfort, the elder, 227.

Soult, marshal, on the Rhine, 467; in
Spain, 471, 473, 479; in France, 481.
Soult, ministry of, 530.

South Sea bubble, 435, 437, 445.
Southwold Bay, battle of, 380.

Spain, Phoenician settlements in, 17: Car-
thaginian colonies in, 19; war with Car-
thaginians in, 115; regarded as a Roman

province, 118; invaded by Vandals, Suevi
Alani, 171; West Gothic kingdom in,
172, 174; Suevi and West Goths unite and
are converted, 175; conquered by Moors,
183; fall of Cordova, rise of Christian
kingdoms, 756-1035, 209; revolt of Por-
tugal, union of Castile and Leon, 240;
conquest of Granada, wars between Castile
and Aragon, 276; union of Aragon and
Castile, 328; discoveries in America,
282; war with France, peace of the Pyre-
nees, 366; war with England, 377; war
of the Spanish succession, 390; partition
treaties, 391; peace of Utrecht, 393;
house of Bourbon, 414; Jesuits expelled,
415; war with England in America, 419,
437, 438; Florida ceded to England, 423,
439; war with England, 440; Florida re-
stored to Spain, 432, 441; France declares
war against, 453; Bourbons displaced in
favor of Joseph Bonaparte, 470; penin-
sula war, 471, 473; constitution of 1812,
ib. i
French driven from Spain, 479;
Bourbons restored, 483; liberal rising,
const. of 1812 restored, 487; French in-
tervention, 488; revolt of the American
colonies, 488; revolution of 1868, 512; S.
a republic, 520; monarchy restored, 521;
treaties with the United States, 548, 552.
Spanish succession, 388; war of, 390.
Sparta, founded, 48; constitution of Ly-
curgus, 50; first hegemony, 56; Ther-
mopylæ, 58; Platææ, 60; hegemony
war with
transferred to Athens, 61;
Athens, 62; Peloponnesian war, 64; sec-
ond hegemony, 69; loss of hegemony to
Achæan
war with the
Thebes, 70;
league, 79, 122; Nabis defeated by Ro-
mans, 80.

133.

Spartacus,

Spectator, 436.

611

steam-engine, 486; applied to navigation,

486.

Steele, sir Richard, 436.
Steenkirke, battle of, 870, 387.
Stein, baron of, reorganizes Prussia, 471;
central administration, 478, 479; at con-
gress of Vienna, 482.
Steinmetz, 514.

Stenbock, Swedish general, 396.
Stenkil, k. of Sweden, 208, 237.
Stephen, archd. palatine, 494.
Stephen of Blois, k. of England, 230.
Stephen, St., k. of Hungary, 277.
Stephen Bathory, elected k. of Poland,
352.

Stevenson, George, 486.
Steward, office of, 195.
Steyer, truce of, 462.
Stilicho, 161, 171.

Stillwater, battles of, 429.
Stockach, battles of, 460, 462.
Stockholm, massacre of, 352; treaty of,
396, 437.

Stony Point, storm of, 430.

Strafford, earl of, sketch of life, 344; im-
peachment, 345; execution, 346.
Stralsund, peace of, 237, 249; siege of, 310;
lost by Sweden, 396.

Strassburg, remains to the empire, 316;
seized by Louis XIV., 369; siege, 516;
capitulation, 518; ceded to the German
empire, 519.

Strategi, 55.

Strathclyde subjected to Northumbria, 180;
submits to England, 204.

Stratton Hill, battle of, 347.
Strelitzes, 374.

Struensee,

409.

Stuart, house of, succeeds in England,
339; expelled, 375; restored, 378; ex-
pelled, 385.

Speier, diet at, 224; imperial chamber at, Stuart, Arabella, 340; imprisonment and

300; diet of, 302, 303.

Spenser, Edmund, 339.

Speyer. See Speier.

Sphacteria, 66.

Sphinx, 3, 46.

Spicheren, battle of, 516.
Spinola, 309, 310.
Spitamas, 26.

Spithead, mutiny at, 535.
Spoils system, in U. S., 552.
Spottsylvania, battle of, 558.
Spurtus Cassius, 97.
Stadtlohn, battle of, 310.
Stahremberg, 372.

Stamford, battle of, 274.

Stamfordbridge, battle of, 206.

death, 341.

Stuyvesant, Peter, 357, 358.

Suessula, battle of, 104.

Suevi, location, 164, 170; invade Spain,
171; unite with West Goths, 175.

Suez Canal, 512, 545.

Suffolk, d. of (Wm. de la Pole), impeach-
ment, 271.

Sugar act, passage of, 423.
Suger, abbot of St. Denis, 226.
Suleiman. See Soliman.

Sulla, L. Cornelius, takes Jugurtha, 127;
in the social war, 129; war with Marius,
130; war against Mithridates, 130; ap-
pointed dictator in Rome, 132; abdicated,
133; death, ib.

Stamp act, passage of, 423, 440; repeal of, Sully, d. of, 325, 340.
424, 440.

Standard, battle of the, 230.

Standish, Miles, 295.

Stanislaus Lesczinski, k. of Poland, 395;
abdicates, 398, 445.

Stanislaus Poniatowski, k. of Poland, 411.
Stanton, Edwin M., 556.

Star chamber, 333; abolition of, 346.
Stargard, truce of, 405.

Stark, gen., 429.

States General.

See États Généraux.

Statthaltership, in the Netherlands, 331.
Steam, first attempt to utilize, 485; first

Sulpicius Galba, P., 118; Rufus, 130.
Sumir, 13.

Sumter, Thomas, 430.

Sunderland, (2d) e. of (Spencer), in cabinet,
381; sec. of state, 382; becomes Catho-
lic, 383; dismissed, 384; returned to
parliament, 387, lord chamberlain, 388;
(3d) e. of, whig leader, 435; lord lieut. of
Ireland, 436.

Sung, kingdom of, 242.

Surajah Dowlah. See Siraj-ud-Daulá.
Surat, English factory at, 353.
Surinam, discovery of, 283.

Surrey, earl of, executed, 336.
Susiana in Persia, 24, 30; invaded by
Arabs, 192.

Sutras, Hindu scriptures, 23.
Suttee, abolition of, 541.

Suvaroff, Turkish war, 413; storms Prague,
414; in Italy and Switzerland, 460, 461.
Suy dynasty in China, 32.

Svatopluk II., k. of Moravia, 194.
Svea, 208, 237.

Svend, Forked Beard, k. of Denmark, 207;
in England (Swegen), 205; Estridsen, k.
of Denmark, 207.

Sverre, k. of Norway, 238.
Svold, battle of, 209.

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Swabia, duchy of, 194; revolt of duke
Ernst, 198; Rudolf of, anti-king, 200;
rise of Würtemberg and Baden, 244
league of cities, conflict with counts of
Würtemberg, 250.
Swabian city league, 249.
Swally, battle of, 354.

Sweden, Svea and Göta, mythical history,
208; Christianity introduced; union of
Calmar, 238; settlements in America, 298;
in the thirty years' war (Gustavus Adol-
phus), 311-314; at the peace of West-
phalia acquires Pomerania, Rügen,
Wismar, Bremen, Werden, 316; house
of Vasa, 352; house of Zweibrücken,
373; war with Brandenburg, 374; Charles
XII.'s war with Peter the Great, 394,
376; loss of Bremen, Werden to Han-
over; Stettin, Wollen, Usedom, Hither
Pomerania to Prussia, 396; "Hats "
and "Caps," 409; house of Holstein-Got-
torp; war with Russia, 409; joins third
coalition against France, 467; forced ab-
dication of Gustavus IV., 472; loss of
Finland, 473; Bernadotte crown prince,
473; alliance with Russia, promise of
Norway, 474; alliance with England,
476; peace with Denmark, loss of Pom-
erania and Rügen, 479; at congress of
Vienna receives Norway, 483; which has
to be subdued, 484.
Swegen. See Svend.
Swift, Jonathan, 436.
Switzerland, 162; origin of the confeder-
acy, 245; story of Tell, 246; war with
Austria, 247; Berne joins the confed-
eracy, 248; Sempach, 250; Armagnacs
attack Basle, 253; practically indepen-
dent, 300; reformation, Zwingli, 301; in-
dependence acknowledged, 316; Berne
takes the Waadtland from Savoy, 327;
transformed into the Helvetian republic,
460; restoration of the independent can-
tons, 464; addition of Geneva, Wallis,
and Neuchâtel, 483; civil war, new con-
stitution, 492; Neuchâtel resigned by
the king of Prussia, 501; rupture with
the papacy, 520.

Syagrinus, 173.

Sy bota, battle of, 65.

Sylvester II., pope, 197; III., 199.
Symington, 486.

Syphax, 116, 118.

Syracuse besieged by Carthaginians, 20;
foundation of, 51; expedition of Athe-
nians against, 67; war under Hiero; war
with Rome, 111; sack of, 116.

Syria, Egyptian supremacy over, 4; lost
by Ramessu II., 5; wars of Psamethik
in, 6; subject to Assyria, 14; conquered
by Nebuchadnezzar, 16; under the Seleu-
cidæ, 77; taken possession of by Ti-
granes, 134; a Roman province, 136;
subdued by Aurelian, 157.
Szczekoziny, 414.

Tabernacle, 8.
Taborites, 252.

Tacitus, Roman emp., 157.
Tadmor, foundation of, 9.
Tadoussac, 290.
Taginac, battle of, 175.
Tagliacozzo, battle of, 226.
Taharak, k. of Egypt, 6.
Tai-ping rebellion, 561.

Taira family in Japan, 212, 213, 242.
Talavera, battle of, 471.
Talbot, e. of Shrewsbury, 272.
Talikot, battle of, 354.

Tallagio, de non concedendo, 267.
Talleyrand, 481, 482.

Tamerlane, defeats Bajazet, 278, 353.
Tanagra, battle of, 63.

Tancred of Hauteville, 199, 214; of Lecce,

223.

Tang dynasty in China, 211.
Tanneguy Duchâtel, 259.
Tannenberg, battle of, 277
Taoism, in China, 31.

Tarentum, 51; war with the Samnites,
104; war with Rome, 107.
Targowitz, confederacy of, 413.
Tariff of abominations, 552.
Tarik, 183.
Tarleton, 431.
Tarpeian rock, 82.

Tarquinius Priscus, 35, 89; Superbus, 89.
Tarquins, expulsion of, 93; war with, 103.
Tassilo, d. of Bavaria, revolt of, 185.
Tasso, Torquato, 328.

Tatars, Mongols, 240; Khitans in China,
241; Mongols in China, 242; Manchoos
invade China, 355; become independent,
412.

Tatler, 436.

Ta-tsing dynasty in China, 355.
Tauroggen, treaty of, 475.
Taylor, Zachary, 555.
Tegethoff, 506, 510.

Teja, k. of East Goths, 175.
Telamon, battle of, 112.
Telegraph invented, 486; first submarine,
487; communication between France
and England, 543; experimental line
built by S. F. B. Morse, 554; communi-
cation between U. S. and Great Britain,
559.

Tel-el-Kebir, capture of, 546.
Tell, William, 246.
Temesvar, 372, 397,
Templars, 217.

495.

Temple, in Jerusalem, erection of, 9; de-
struction, reërection, 11.

Temple, sir William, 382.
Temuchin, 240.

Tennessee, admitted to the Union, 548.
Tenure of office bill, 559.

Teplitz, alliance of, 477; conference at

491.

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Tetzel, Dominican monk, 301.

Teuta, queen of the Illyrians, 112.
Teutobod, king of Teutones, 127.

Teutoburg forest, Roman legions annihi-
lated in, 149, 167.

Teutones, invade Italy, 127, 167.
Teutonic knights, 217, 464.

Teutons, 36 geography, 162; ethnology,
163; religion, 164; civilization, 165;
history, 167; migration of Teutonic
tribes, 170; Teutonic monarchies in the
Roman empire, 171; in Britain, 176.
Tewksbury, battle of, 274.

Texas, annexed to United States, and ad-
mitted to the Union, 554.
Thales, 21.
Thankmar, 195.
Thapsus, battle of, 142.
Thebes, in Egypt, 2, 4.

Thebes, in Boeotia, founded, 45; war of
the Seven against, 46; subdued, 48;
Thebans at Thermopylæ, 59; allied with
Sparta against Athens, 62, 65; war with
Sparta, hegemony of, 70; destruction, 73.
Themistocles, 57; rebuilds walls of Ath-
ens, 61; death, 61.
Theodelinde, 175.
Theodora, 210.

Theodore, archb. of Canterbury, 180.
Theodore I., k. of Corsica, 415.

Theodoric the Great, k. of East Goths, 174.

Theodoric I., k. of the Franks, 181.
Theodoric I., k. of West Goths, 173.
Theodosius, Roman emp., 161, 171.

Theophano, wife of Otto II., 196, 197.
Theramenes, 69.

Thermidorians, 456.

Thermopyla, battle of, 58, 119.

Theron of Agrigentum, 20.

Theseus, 45, 61.

Thesprotians, 41.

Thessalian migration, 47.

Thessalonica, kingdom of, 216.
Thessaly, 40, 79, 141, 523.
Thevet, André, 288.

Thibet, Buddhism in, 23; conquered by
Kang-he, 390.

Thierry, k. of the Franks. See Theodoric.
Thiers, fall of the ministry of, 491 in op
position, 512; head of the execu ve,
519; ministry, 549; fall, 530; president,
533; resigns, ib.; death, 534.
Thirty-nine articles, 338.
Thirty tyrants, 69, 157.

Thirty years' war, 308.

Thistlewood, executed, 538.

Thomas, gen.,

Thor, 164, 165.

558.

Thorn, peace of, first and second, 277.
Thracia, 28, 150.

Thrasybulus, 68, 69, 70.

Three bishoprics (Toul, Metz, Verdun),
taken by France, 306, 321; ceded to
France, 316; taken by Germany, 518.

N

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Tifata, battle of, 131.

Tiglath-Adar. k. of Assyria, 14.

Tiglath-Pileser, ks. of Assyria, I., II., 14.
Tigranes, k. of Armenia, 30, 134, 135.
Tigranocerta, battle of, 135.

Tillotson, archb. of anterbury, 387.
Tilly, White Hill, 39: in Holstein, 310;
Magdeburg, 311; death, 312.

Tilsit, peace of, 469, 537.
Timoleon, 20.

Tin not brought from England by Phoeni-
cians, 17, n.

Tinchebrai, battle of, 230.

Tingitana, 150.

Tippamuir, battle of, 348.

Tipu sultan, 442, 444, 541.
Tirhakah. See Taharak.

Tiridates, k. of Armenia, 150, 188.
Tiridates, k. of Parthia, 29.

Tissaphernes, 67, 70.

Titian, 328.

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Towton, battle of, 274.

Trafalgar, battle of, 467.

Traitorous correspondence bill, 535.
Trajan, Roman emp.; Parthian exp. 30;
reign, 152, 153.
Transubstantiation, 269.

Transylvania, 309, 315, 416, 511.
Trasimenus, battle of lake, 114.
Trautenau, battle of, 509.
Travendal, peace of, 394.
Treason, statute of, 269.
Trebia, battle of the, 114, 461.
Trebizond, Greek empire of, 216.
Trelawney, b., 384.

Trent, affair of the, 557.
Trent, council of, 305.
Trenton, battle of, 428.

Trevelyan, G. O., sec. for Ireland, 546.
Treves. See Trier.

Trevithick, 486.

Trevor, sir John, 388.

Trial of the bishops under James II., 384.
Tribes of Israel, 8.

Tribunes, appointment, 96, 97; military
tribunes created, 99; abolished, 101;
lose their revolutionary character, 102;
their power limited by Sulla, 132;
stored, 133; conferred upon Cæsar, 143.
Tribur, imperial diet at, 199, 200.
Tribus, 92.

Triennial act, 345, 388.

Trier, archb. of, 248.

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Turin, peace of, 371; battle of, 392, 434.
Turks, Turkey, empire of the Seljuk T.,
210; supremacy of the Osman or Otto-
man T., 278; war with Charles V., 303;
alliance with Francis I., 305; war with
Max. II., 806; with Venice (Lepanto),
826; highest development of the em-
pire, decline, 353; war with Leopold I.
(siege of Vienna). 372; peace of Carlo-
witz, T. receives Temesvar, loses Morea

to Venice, Hungary and Transylvania to
Austria, 372, 416, Azoff lost to Russia,
375; Charles XII. in T., 395; Azoff re-
gained, 396; conquest of Morea, war
with Austria, peace of Passarowitz, Aus-
tria receives Temesvar, Little Wallachia,
Belgrade, part of Servia, 397; war with
Poland and Russia, regains Belgrade,
Servia, Little Wallachia, 398; war with
Russia and Austria, 408, 410; Azoff finally
lost, 410; with Catharine II. (1), peace of
Kutschouc Kainardji, Bug the boun-
dary, 412; (2) peace of Jassy, Dniester
the boundary, 413; war with Russia,
peace of Bucharest, Pruth the boun-
dary, 473; revolt of Greece, 488; mas-
sacre of Janizaries, Navarino, 489; war
with Russia, peace of Adrianople, 489;
Crimean war, 499; peace of Paris, 501;
revolt of Herzegovina, etc., Bulgarian
atrocities, 521; war with Russia, 522
peace of San Stefano, 523; congress of
Berlin, 524; loss of much territory, 524;
conference of Berlin, surrender of Dul-
cigno, 525.

Tuscany, Cosimo de Medici of Florence
becomes grand duke of T., 327; Francis
Stephen, of Lorraine, receives T., 38,
416; becomes an appanage of Austria,
416; grand duke expelled, 461; ceded to
Parma, as kingdom of Etruria, 463; old
dynasty restored, 483; united with Sar-
dinia, 502.

Tuscaroras, 363, 417.

Two Sicilies.

See Naples, Sicily.

Tycoon. See Shogun.

Tyler, John, 554.

Tyler, Wat, 269.

Tyndale's translation of the Bible, 335.
Tyndaris, battle off, 110.
Tyrant, 49.

Tyrconnel, 383, 387.

Tyre, 16; subdued by Nebuchadnezzar, 16;
surpasses Sidon, 18; height of its pros-
perity under Hiram, 18; decline, 19, be-
sieged by Nebuchadnezzar, 19; captured
by Alexander, 20.

Tyrol, acquired Carinthia, 244; given to
Austria by Margaret Maultasch, 249;
falls to archduke Maximilian, 253; in-
vaded by Bavarians, 392; ceded to Ba-
varia, 468; revolt of Tyrol under Hofer,
471; revolt subdued, southern Tyrol an-
nexed to Italy, 472; T. restored to Aus-
tria, 482.

Tyrone, e. of, rebellion, 339, 341,

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