Ship-money, writs for, 344. Shisak. See Shashang I. Shoguns, Japanese mayors of the palace, rise of, 213; Yoritomo, 243; Ashikaga shoguns, 278, 855; Tokugawa shoguus, 356, 445; overthrow of the shogun, 563. Shore, sir John, gov.-gen. in India, 541. "Short" parliament, 345. Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 434. Shrewsbury, battle of, 270. Shrewsbury, e. of.
Shrewsbury, e. of, 384; secretary of state, 385; resignation, 387; last lord high treas., 435, 436. Sicilian vespers, 226.
Sicily, Phoenician colonies in, 17; wars of Carthaginians and Greeks in, 20; Messe- nians settle in, 51; Syracusan expedition of the Athenians, 67; geographical de- scription, 83; collision between Rome and Carthage, 110; ceded to Rome, west- ern S. the first Roman province, 111; war in Sicily, 116; subjugated, 117; re- volt of slaves in, 123, 128; war with Sex- tus Pompeius in, 146.
Sicily, kingdom of, Roger II. assumes title of k. of the Two S., 218; Constance, heiress of the kingdom, wife of the emp. Henry VI., 222; war with Tancred, 223; Frederic II., 223; Manfred, 225; Charles of Anjou receives kingdom from the pope, 226; Sicilian vespers, French driven from S., which falls to Peter of Aragon, 226 (see Naples); S. united with Aragon, 263; given as kingdom to Savoy, 393; seized by Spain, but abandoned, and, by Savoy, exchanged with Austria for Sardinia, 397; after the war of the Polish succession ceded by Austria to Spain, with Naples, 398; S. and Naples (as kingdom of the Two Sici- lies) given to Ferdinand, 3d son of Charles III. of Spain, 416; deprived of Naples by Napoleon, the court retires to S., 468; dynasty restored, 483; revolt, 493; Gari- baldi liberates S., 502. Sickingen, Franz von, 302.
Sicyon, 40, 48; joins Achæan league, 72. Sidney, execution of, 382; sir Philip, death of, 339.
Sidon, chief town of the Sidonians, 16; greatest power, 17; superseded by Tyre, 18; first city of Phoenicia under Persia, 19; abandoned by crusaders, 217. Sievershausen, battle of, 306. Sieyes, 449, 461.
Sigibert I., k. of the Franks, 181. Sigismund, emp. of the H. R. E., 251.
Sigismund, k. of Hungary, 277.
Sigismund III., k. of Poland, 352.
Sigurd, k. of Norway, 238.
Sigurd Ring, k. of Sweden, 207, 208.
Simon of Montfort, e. of Leicester, his par- liament, 234. Simony, 200. Sindhia, 443, 541. Sinope, battle of, 499. Sipylus, battle of, 119. Siraj-ud-Daulá, 443. Sistova, peace of, 413. Sivaji, 389, 443.
Siward, e. of Northumberland, 206. Six articles, 335. Sixtus V., pope, 327. Skaania, 236, 237, 238. Skobeleff, 523, 526. Skrzynecki, 490.
Slavery abolished throughout the British empire, 540; partially abolished in Conn., 432; abolished in Massachusetts, 431; in Pennsylvania, 431; in the United States, 433.
Slave trade abolished in British dominion, 537; in the United States, 550.
Slaves in Athens, 52; in Germany, 166, 177.
Slavonic congress in Prague, 493.
Slavs, great monarchy of, 168; religion, 169; regain their liberty, 173. Slawata, 309. Slidell, 544, 557.
Sluys, battle of, 257.
Smerdes. See Hirhor.
Smith, John, in Virginia, 291, 292; explo- ration of coast of New England by, 294. Smolensk, 474, 475.
Sobieski, John, k. of Poland, relieves Vi- enna, 372; in Poland, 374. Social democrats in Germany, 524. Socialistic commune, in France, 582. Socrates, 64, 69.
Sogdianus, k. of Persia, 29. Soissons, battle of, 173, 181. Solemn league and covenant, in Scotland, 344; in England, 348. Solferino, battle of, 502. Soliman II., sultan of Turkey, besieged Vienna, 303; alliance with Francis 1., 304, 305; death, 306; reign, 353. Soliman Pasha, 522.
Solis, Juan Diaz de, 284, 285. Solomon, k. of the Jews, 9. Solon, of Athens, visited Croesus of Lydia, 21; constitution of, 52. Solway Moss, battle of, 335. Somers, lord keeper, 387; whig leader, 435.
Somerset, execution of, 336. Sömmering, 486.
Soonees, 182.
Soor, battle of, 402, 509.
Sophia, princess of Hanover, 435. Sophia of Russia, 374.
Sophocles, 64.
Sophonisbe, 117.
Sikhs, revolt, 442; two wars with the Brit- Soto, Ferdinando de, 287. ish, 546.
Silarus, battle of, 133.
Silesia united with Bohemia, 248; claims of Prussia, 400; retained by Prussia, 406.
Silesian wars, I., 400: II.. 402; III., 404. Simon, J., 517; ministry, 534. Simon of Montfort, the elder, 227.
Soult, marshal, on the Rhine, 467; in Spain, 471, 473, 479; in France, 481. Soult, ministry of, 530.
South Sea bubble, 435, 437, 445. Southwold Bay, battle of, 380.
Spain, Phoenician settlements in, 17: Car- thaginian colonies in, 19; war with Car- thaginians in, 115; regarded as a Roman
province, 118; invaded by Vandals, Suevi Alani, 171; West Gothic kingdom in, 172, 174; Suevi and West Goths unite and are converted, 175; conquered by Moors, 183; fall of Cordova, rise of Christian kingdoms, 756-1035, 209; revolt of Por- tugal, union of Castile and Leon, 240; conquest of Granada, wars between Castile and Aragon, 276; union of Aragon and Castile, 328; discoveries in America, 282; war with France, peace of the Pyre- nees, 366; war with England, 377; war of the Spanish succession, 390; partition treaties, 391; peace of Utrecht, 393; house of Bourbon, 414; Jesuits expelled, 415; war with England in America, 419, 437, 438; Florida ceded to England, 423, 439; war with England, 440; Florida re- stored to Spain, 432, 441; France declares war against, 453; Bourbons displaced in favor of Joseph Bonaparte, 470; penin- sula war, 471, 473; constitution of 1812, ib. i French driven from Spain, 479; Bourbons restored, 483; liberal rising, const. of 1812 restored, 487; French in- tervention, 488; revolt of the American colonies, 488; revolution of 1868, 512; S. a republic, 520; monarchy restored, 521; treaties with the United States, 548, 552. Spanish succession, 388; war of, 390. Sparta, founded, 48; constitution of Ly- curgus, 50; first hegemony, 56; Ther- mopylæ, 58; Platææ, 60; hegemony war with transferred to Athens, 61; Athens, 62; Peloponnesian war, 64; sec- ond hegemony, 69; loss of hegemony to Achæan war with the Thebes, 70; league, 79, 122; Nabis defeated by Ro- mans, 80.
steam-engine, 486; applied to navigation,
Steele, sir Richard, 436. Steenkirke, battle of, 870, 387. Stein, baron of, reorganizes Prussia, 471; central administration, 478, 479; at con- gress of Vienna, 482. Steinmetz, 514.
Stenbock, Swedish general, 396. Stenkil, k. of Sweden, 208, 237. Stephen, archd. palatine, 494. Stephen of Blois, k. of England, 230. Stephen, St., k. of Hungary, 277. Stephen Bathory, elected k. of Poland, 352.
Stevenson, George, 486. Steward, office of, 195. Steyer, truce of, 462. Stilicho, 161, 171.
Stillwater, battles of, 429. Stockach, battles of, 460, 462. Stockholm, massacre of, 352; treaty of, 396, 437.
Stony Point, storm of, 430.
Strafford, earl of, sketch of life, 344; im- peachment, 345; execution, 346. Stralsund, peace of, 237, 249; siege of, 310; lost by Sweden, 396.
Strassburg, remains to the empire, 316; seized by Louis XIV., 369; siege, 516; capitulation, 518; ceded to the German empire, 519.
Strathclyde subjected to Northumbria, 180; submits to England, 204.
Stratton Hill, battle of, 347. Strelitzes, 374.
Stuart, house of, succeeds in England, 339; expelled, 375; restored, 378; ex- pelled, 385.
Speier, diet at, 224; imperial chamber at, Stuart, Arabella, 340; imprisonment and
300; diet of, 302, 303.
Spenser, Edmund, 339.
Speyer. See Speier.
Sphacteria, 66.
Sphinx, 3, 46.
Spicheren, battle of, 516. Spinola, 309, 310. Spitamas, 26.
Spithead, mutiny at, 535. Spoils system, in U. S., 552. Spottsylvania, battle of, 558. Spurtus Cassius, 97. Stadtlohn, battle of, 310. Stahremberg, 372.
Stamford, battle of, 274.
Stamfordbridge, battle of, 206.
Stuyvesant, Peter, 357, 358.
Suessula, battle of, 104.
Suevi, location, 164, 170; invade Spain, 171; unite with West Goths, 175.
Suffolk, d. of (Wm. de la Pole), impeach- ment, 271.
Sugar act, passage of, 423. Suger, abbot of St. Denis, 226. Suleiman. See Soliman.
Sulla, L. Cornelius, takes Jugurtha, 127; in the social war, 129; war with Marius, 130; war against Mithridates, 130; ap- pointed dictator in Rome, 132; abdicated, 133; death, ib.
Stamp act, passage of, 423, 440; repeal of, Sully, d. of, 325, 340. 424, 440.
Standard, battle of the, 230.
Standish, Miles, 295.
Stanislaus Lesczinski, k. of Poland, 395; abdicates, 398, 445.
Stanislaus Poniatowski, k. of Poland, 411. Stanton, Edwin M., 556.
Star chamber, 333; abolition of, 346. Stargard, truce of, 405.
Stark, gen., 429.
States General.
Statthaltership, in the Netherlands, 331. Steam, first attempt to utilize, 485; first
Sulpicius Galba, P., 118; Rufus, 130. Sumir, 13.
Sumter, Thomas, 430.
Sunderland, (2d) e. of (Spencer), in cabinet, 381; sec. of state, 382; becomes Catho- lic, 383; dismissed, 384; returned to parliament, 387, lord chamberlain, 388; (3d) e. of, whig leader, 435; lord lieut. of Ireland, 436.
Sung, kingdom of, 242.
Surajah Dowlah. See Siraj-ud-Daulá. Surat, English factory at, 353. Surinam, discovery of, 283.
Surrey, earl of, executed, 336. Susiana in Persia, 24, 30; invaded by Arabs, 192.
Sutras, Hindu scriptures, 23. Suttee, abolition of, 541.
Suvaroff, Turkish war, 413; storms Prague, 414; in Italy and Switzerland, 460, 461. Suy dynasty in China, 32.
Svatopluk II., k. of Moravia, 194. Svea, 208, 237.
Svend, Forked Beard, k. of Denmark, 207; in England (Swegen), 205; Estridsen, k. of Denmark, 207.
Sverre, k. of Norway, 238. Svold, battle of, 209.
Swabia, duchy of, 194; revolt of duke Ernst, 198; Rudolf of, anti-king, 200; rise of Würtemberg and Baden, 244 league of cities, conflict with counts of Würtemberg, 250. Swabian city league, 249. Swally, battle of, 354.
Sweden, Svea and Göta, mythical history, 208; Christianity introduced; union of Calmar, 238; settlements in America, 298; in the thirty years' war (Gustavus Adol- phus), 311-314; at the peace of West- phalia acquires Pomerania, Rügen, Wismar, Bremen, Werden, 316; house of Vasa, 352; house of Zweibrücken, 373; war with Brandenburg, 374; Charles XII.'s war with Peter the Great, 394, 376; loss of Bremen, Werden to Han- over; Stettin, Wollen, Usedom, Hither Pomerania to Prussia, 396; "Hats " and "Caps," 409; house of Holstein-Got- torp; war with Russia, 409; joins third coalition against France, 467; forced ab- dication of Gustavus IV., 472; loss of Finland, 473; Bernadotte crown prince, 473; alliance with Russia, promise of Norway, 474; alliance with England, 476; peace with Denmark, loss of Pom- erania and Rügen, 479; at congress of Vienna receives Norway, 483; which has to be subdued, 484. Swegen. See Svend. Swift, Jonathan, 436. Switzerland, 162; origin of the confeder- acy, 245; story of Tell, 246; war with Austria, 247; Berne joins the confed- eracy, 248; Sempach, 250; Armagnacs attack Basle, 253; practically indepen- dent, 300; reformation, Zwingli, 301; in- dependence acknowledged, 316; Berne takes the Waadtland from Savoy, 327; transformed into the Helvetian republic, 460; restoration of the independent can- tons, 464; addition of Geneva, Wallis, and Neuchâtel, 483; civil war, new con- stitution, 492; Neuchâtel resigned by the king of Prussia, 501; rupture with the papacy, 520.
Syagrinus, 173.
Sy bota, battle of, 65.
Sylvester II., pope, 197; III., 199. Symington, 486.
Syracuse besieged by Carthaginians, 20; foundation of, 51; expedition of Athe- nians against, 67; war under Hiero; war with Rome, 111; sack of, 116.
Syria, Egyptian supremacy over, 4; lost by Ramessu II., 5; wars of Psamethik in, 6; subject to Assyria, 14; conquered by Nebuchadnezzar, 16; under the Seleu- cidæ, 77; taken possession of by Ti- granes, 134; a Roman province, 136; subdued by Aurelian, 157. Szczekoziny, 414.
Tabernacle, 8. Taborites, 252.
Tacitus, Roman emp., 157. Tadmor, foundation of, 9. Tadoussac, 290. Taginac, battle of, 175. Tagliacozzo, battle of, 226. Taharak, k. of Egypt, 6. Tai-ping rebellion, 561.
Taira family in Japan, 212, 213, 242. Talavera, battle of, 471. Talbot, e. of Shrewsbury, 272. Talikot, battle of, 354.
Tallagio, de non concedendo, 267. Talleyrand, 481, 482.
Tamerlane, defeats Bajazet, 278, 353. Tanagra, battle of, 63.
Tancred of Hauteville, 199, 214; of Lecce,
Tang dynasty in China, 211. Tanneguy Duchâtel, 259. Tannenberg, battle of, 277 Taoism, in China, 31.
Tarentum, 51; war with the Samnites, 104; war with Rome, 107. Targowitz, confederacy of, 413. Tariff of abominations, 552. Tarik, 183. Tarleton, 431. Tarpeian rock, 82.
Tarquinius Priscus, 35, 89; Superbus, 89. Tarquins, expulsion of, 93; war with, 103. Tassilo, d. of Bavaria, revolt of, 185. Tasso, Torquato, 328.
Tatars, Mongols, 240; Khitans in China, 241; Mongols in China, 242; Manchoos invade China, 355; become independent, 412.
Ta-tsing dynasty in China, 355. Tauroggen, treaty of, 475. Taylor, Zachary, 555. Tegethoff, 506, 510.
Teja, k. of East Goths, 175. Telamon, battle of, 112. Telegraph invented, 486; first submarine, 487; communication between France and England, 543; experimental line built by S. F. B. Morse, 554; communi- cation between U. S. and Great Britain, 559.
Tel-el-Kebir, capture of, 546. Tell, William, 246. Temesvar, 372, 397, Templars, 217.
Temple, in Jerusalem, erection of, 9; de- struction, reërection, 11.
Temple, sir William, 382. Temuchin, 240.
Tennessee, admitted to the Union, 548. Tenure of office bill, 559.
Teplitz, alliance of, 477; conference at
Tetzel, Dominican monk, 301.
Teuta, queen of the Illyrians, 112. Teutobod, king of Teutones, 127.
Teutoburg forest, Roman legions annihi- lated in, 149, 167.
Teutones, invade Italy, 127, 167. Teutonic knights, 217, 464.
Teutons, 36 geography, 162; ethnology, 163; religion, 164; civilization, 165; history, 167; migration of Teutonic tribes, 170; Teutonic monarchies in the Roman empire, 171; in Britain, 176. Tewksbury, battle of, 274.
Texas, annexed to United States, and ad- mitted to the Union, 554. Thales, 21. Thankmar, 195. Thapsus, battle of, 142. Thebes, in Egypt, 2, 4.
Thebes, in Boeotia, founded, 45; war of the Seven against, 46; subdued, 48; Thebans at Thermopylæ, 59; allied with Sparta against Athens, 62, 65; war with Sparta, hegemony of, 70; destruction, 73. Themistocles, 57; rebuilds walls of Ath- ens, 61; death, 61. Theodelinde, 175. Theodora, 210.
Theodore, archb. of Canterbury, 180. Theodore I., k. of Corsica, 415.
Theodoric the Great, k. of East Goths, 174.
Theodoric I., k. of the Franks, 181. Theodoric I., k. of West Goths, 173. Theodosius, Roman emp., 161, 171.
Theophano, wife of Otto II., 196, 197. Theramenes, 69.
Thermidorians, 456.
Thermopyla, battle of, 58, 119.
Theron of Agrigentum, 20.
Theseus, 45, 61.
Thesprotians, 41.
Thessalian migration, 47.
Thessalonica, kingdom of, 216. Thessaly, 40, 79, 141, 523. Thevet, André, 288.
Thibet, Buddhism in, 23; conquered by Kang-he, 390.
Thierry, k. of the Franks. See Theodoric. Thiers, fall of the ministry of, 491 in op position, 512; head of the execu ve, 519; ministry, 549; fall, 530; president, 533; resigns, ib.; death, 534. Thirty-nine articles, 338. Thirty tyrants, 69, 157.
Thirty years' war, 308.
Thistlewood, executed, 538.
Thomas, gen.,
Thor, 164, 165.
Thorn, peace of, first and second, 277. Thracia, 28, 150.
Thrasybulus, 68, 69, 70.
Three bishoprics (Toul, Metz, Verdun), taken by France, 306, 321; ceded to France, 316; taken by Germany, 518.
Tifata, battle of, 131.
Tiglath-Adar. k. of Assyria, 14.
Tiglath-Pileser, ks. of Assyria, I., II., 14. Tigranes, k. of Armenia, 30, 134, 135. Tigranocerta, battle of, 135.
Tillotson, archb. of anterbury, 387. Tilly, White Hill, 39: in Holstein, 310; Magdeburg, 311; death, 312.
Tilsit, peace of, 469, 537. Timoleon, 20.
Tin not brought from England by Phoeni- cians, 17, n.
Tinchebrai, battle of, 230.
Tingitana, 150.
Tippamuir, battle of, 348.
Tipu sultan, 442, 444, 541. Tirhakah. See Taharak.
Tiridates, k. of Armenia, 150, 188. Tiridates, k. of Parthia, 29.
Tissaphernes, 67, 70.
Titian, 328.
Towton, battle of, 274.
Trafalgar, battle of, 467.
Traitorous correspondence bill, 535. Trajan, Roman emp.; Parthian exp. 30; reign, 152, 153. Transubstantiation, 269.
Transylvania, 309, 315, 416, 511. Trasimenus, battle of lake, 114. Trautenau, battle of, 509. Travendal, peace of, 394. Treason, statute of, 269. Trebia, battle of the, 114, 461. Trebizond, Greek empire of, 216. Trelawney, b., 384.
Trent, affair of the, 557. Trent, council of, 305. Trenton, battle of, 428.
Trevelyan, G. O., sec. for Ireland, 546. Treves. See Trier.
Trevithick, 486.
Trevor, sir John, 388.
Trial of the bishops under James II., 384. Tribes of Israel, 8.
Tribunes, appointment, 96, 97; military tribunes created, 99; abolished, 101; lose their revolutionary character, 102; their power limited by Sulla, 132; stored, 133; conferred upon Cæsar, 143. Tribur, imperial diet at, 199, 200. Tribus, 92.
Triennial act, 345, 388.
Trier, archb. of, 248.
Turin, peace of, 371; battle of, 392, 434. Turks, Turkey, empire of the Seljuk T., 210; supremacy of the Osman or Otto- man T., 278; war with Charles V., 303; alliance with Francis I., 305; war with Max. II., 806; with Venice (Lepanto), 826; highest development of the em- pire, decline, 353; war with Leopold I. (siege of Vienna). 372; peace of Carlo- witz, T. receives Temesvar, loses Morea
to Venice, Hungary and Transylvania to Austria, 372, 416, Azoff lost to Russia, 375; Charles XII. in T., 395; Azoff re- gained, 396; conquest of Morea, war with Austria, peace of Passarowitz, Aus- tria receives Temesvar, Little Wallachia, Belgrade, part of Servia, 397; war with Poland and Russia, regains Belgrade, Servia, Little Wallachia, 398; war with Russia and Austria, 408, 410; Azoff finally lost, 410; with Catharine II. (1), peace of Kutschouc Kainardji, Bug the boun- dary, 412; (2) peace of Jassy, Dniester the boundary, 413; war with Russia, peace of Bucharest, Pruth the boun- dary, 473; revolt of Greece, 488; mas- sacre of Janizaries, Navarino, 489; war with Russia, peace of Adrianople, 489; Crimean war, 499; peace of Paris, 501; revolt of Herzegovina, etc., Bulgarian atrocities, 521; war with Russia, 522 peace of San Stefano, 523; congress of Berlin, 524; loss of much territory, 524; conference of Berlin, surrender of Dul- cigno, 525.
Tuscany, Cosimo de Medici of Florence becomes grand duke of T., 327; Francis Stephen, of Lorraine, receives T., 38, 416; becomes an appanage of Austria, 416; grand duke expelled, 461; ceded to Parma, as kingdom of Etruria, 463; old dynasty restored, 483; united with Sar- dinia, 502.
Tuscaroras, 363, 417.
Two Sicilies.
Tycoon. See Shogun.
Tyler, John, 554.
Tyler, Wat, 269.
Tyndale's translation of the Bible, 335. Tyndaris, battle off, 110. Tyrant, 49.
Tyrconnel, 383, 387.
Tyre, 16; subdued by Nebuchadnezzar, 16; surpasses Sidon, 18; height of its pros- perity under Hiram, 18; decline, 19, be- sieged by Nebuchadnezzar, 19; captured by Alexander, 20.
Tyrol, acquired Carinthia, 244; given to Austria by Margaret Maultasch, 249; falls to archduke Maximilian, 253; in- vaded by Bavarians, 392; ceded to Ba- varia, 468; revolt of Tyrol under Hofer, 471; revolt subdued, southern Tyrol an- nexed to Italy, 472; T. restored to Aus- tria, 482.
Tyrone, e. of, rebellion, 339, 341,
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