Niles, Hezekiah, on southern
trend of slavery, 35.
Norfolk navy-yard watched by
secessionists, 205.
Norris, Charles, at Norfolk, 205.
North, indecision at crisis, 4;
ignorant of South, 16; popu-
lation and area of free states
(1860), 21; manufactures
(1860), 28; preponderance
over South, 29; development
of anti-southern feeling, 57;
final opposition to slavery,
59; and compromise, 173-
175; unwarlike condition,

174.

North Carolina, secession con-
vention voted down, 268.
Nullification, fatuity of Clay's
compromise, 43.

ОнIO, instructions to Peace
Convention delegates, 271.
Orr, J. L., conference on seces-

sion, 136; South Carolina
commission, 205; demand
for the forts, 213-215; Bu-
chanan's reply, 216-218; re-
joinder, 218.

Parker, F. S., on growth of
secession movement, 167.
Parker, Theodore, and John
Brown, 73-76; advocates
slave insurrection, 84; com-
plicity with Brown condemn-
ed, 84-86.

Payne, H. B., on Democratic
platform (1860), III.
Peace Convention, call and
Sumter truce, 268, 269; reso-
lution calling, 269; South
Carolina's answer, 269; meet-
ing, 270; failure foreshadow-
ed, 270; Tyler's address, 270;
state instructions to dele-
gates, 271; compromise offer,
272; Chandler on, 273; offer
defeated in Congress, 273;

public disappointment in fail-

ure, 274.

Pendergrast, G. J., and Pensa-
cola, 248.
Pennington, A. C. M., elected
speaker, 92.

Pennsylvania, state election
(1860), protection issue, 126;
instructions to Peace Con-
vention delegates, 271.
Pensacola, navy-yard captured
by secessionists, 247; secre-
tary of navy's responsibility,
248; Brooklyn sent to, truce,
249-251; fleet before, 251.
See also Pickens (Fort).
Periodicals of period 1859-1861,
346.

Personal liberty laws, as reason
for secession, 139, 147, 168;
Buchanan on, 163; Critten-
den compromise on, 171;
Republican offer on, 173;
Lincoln on, 280.
Petigru, J. L., Unionist, 304.
Pettigrew, J. J., and Anderson,

210.

Phelps, A. A., on other isms of
abolitionists, 56.

Pickens, F. W., and forty-
muskets episode, 201; re-
quest for Sumter, 201-204;
for immediate secession, 204;
and removal to Sumter, 210;
and Star of the West, 233;
demand for delivery of Sum-
ter, 240; and Confederate con-
trol of forts question, 259;
urges attack, 260; and Fox,
303; and Lamon, 305, 308;
informed of relief expedition,
310, 327; consultation with
Beauregard, 327.
Pickens, Fort, Slemmer occu-
pies, 247; Vogdes sent to,
249; truce, 250, 251; Vogdes
not landed, 250, 319; Vodges
ordered to land, 297; Scott
advises abandonment, 305,

St

news advice (Dec.), 223;
and Star of the West expedi-
tion, 225, 231-233; reply to
Black on relief, 237; and
Fox's plan of relief, 238; and
Washington plot, 263; and
Twiggs's surrender, 276, 277;
Lincoln's warning on poli-
cy, 278; Lincoln orders vigi-
lance, 292; advises concilia-
tion, 292; discourages relief
of Sumter, 293; and renewal
of Fox's plan, 294; advises
abandonment of Pickens, 305,
306, 319; bibliography, 348.
Secession, slavery basis, 10, 13-
16; as a constitutional ques-
tion, 11; New England move-
ment, 12; Calhoun's respon-
sibility, 37, 46; principles in
his resolutions (1833), 43-46;
Calhoun's final threat, 48;
threats and answers in Con-
gress (1859), 93; Republi-
cans ignore threats, 95, 126;
Douglas's campaign denuncia-
tion, 127-130; election shows
southern majority against,
133, 142; not ulterior pur-
pose of Democratic split,
133-135; South Carolina's
pre-election steps towards,
136-138; convention called,
138; ordinance, 138; char-
acter of convention, 138;
declaration of causes, 139;
Georgia's plan of co-opera-
tive action, 140, 146; opposi-
tion in Georgia, Stephens's
speech, 141-143; opposition
to, considered hopeless, 143;
policy of, to secure better
terms, 144; Alabama, 144
147; Mississippi, 146; Louis-
iana, 146; Texas, popular
vote, 147; non-existence of
concrete grievances, 147; in-
tangible grievance, sectional
hostility, 148, 167, 168; move-

ment not of popular origin,
149; how it became popu-
lar, 150; Buchanan's policy
promotes, 159, 187-189; ques-
tion of coercion and enforce-
ment of laws, 160, 163, 266,
282,283; Buchanan's attempt
to delay, 161, 204; Buchanan
denies right, 162;
162; "go in
peace" policy, 164, 165; not a
sudden crisis, 167; southern
programme, 168; congressmen
advise, 169; as conspiracy,
242-245; importance of bor-
der states, 265; attitude of
Virginia, 266, 267; border
state conventions, 267, 268;
Lincoln on, 279, 286; Vir-
ginia secedes, 340.
See also
Compromise.
Sectionalism, outward manifes-
tations, ro; unconscious so-
cial forces, 11; development
of northern antagonism to
South, 57. See also National-
ism, Secession.
Seward, W. H., on threats of
secession (1860), 95, 127;
southern opinion of, as prob-
able nominee, 98; speech on
slavery (1860), 102-104; nom-
ination considered sure, 116,
120; Greeley opposes, 117;
vote for, 119; why not nom-
inated, 120-122; magnanim-
ity, 130; ephemeral pique,
131; stump speeches, 131;
committee of thirteen, 172;
compromise offer, 172; com-
promise attitude, 176; select-
ed for state portfolio, 281;
secessionists doubt conserva-
tism, 287; advises against
relief of Sumter, 294, 306;
public statement of in-
tended evacuation of Sum-
ter, 296; and Confederate
commissioners, 297, 298, 311;
Campbell negotiations

on

evacuation, 298-301, 308-
311; and Stoeckl, 301; sin-
cerity of statements, 302, 311;
Davis and peace policy, 301,
303; belief in southern Union
sentiment, 304; and Pensa-
cola expedition, 307, 313-
318; considered head of ad-
ministration 311; "Thoughts
for the President's Considera-
tion," 312; bibliography, 348,
349.

Seymour, Truman, and removal

to Sumter, 209.
Sharkey, W. L., and Davis, 254.
Sherman, John, speakership con-
test and Impending Crisis,
91; and naval appropriation
(1860), 124.
Sickles, D. E., in Congress, 90;
and Washington's birthday
parade, 264.

Slave-trade, foreign, opposition
to (1776), 5; amount of
clandestine (1850-1860), 18;
domestic, of border states,
35; foreign, movement for
reopening, 61-63; suppres-
sion and decay of South
Carolina, 63-66; Crittenden
compromise on, 171, 172;
Confederate constitution on,

257.

Slavery, sentiment (1776), 4-6;
and cotton, 7, 8; economic
factor of treatment of slaves,
9; basis of secession, 10,
13; anachronism, 14; lesson
taught by issue, 17; and
negro race, 18; defence, 19;
contentment of slaves, 20;
statistics (1860), 21; and low-
land poor whites, 23-25; and
mountain poor whites, 26;
and immigration, 27; low
value of agricultural slave
labor, 27; burden on slave-
owners, 32; proportion of
slave-owners, 32-34; effect

on white labor, 33; trend
southward, 35; Calhoun's
belief in, 38; his responsi❤
bility for agitation, 38-40;
his blindness to its anachro-
nism, 40; Calhoun on, as a
social basis, 41; Clay's atti-
tude (1850), 49; wisdom of
Webster's speech (1850), 50-
53; baseless fear of further
annexations, 53; South and
abolitionist propaganda, 55;
possible working basis for
emancipation, 55; doctrine
of necessity, 55; possible
suppression of agitation be-
fore 1854, 58; effect of Kan-
sas-Nebraska bill and Uncle
Tom's Cabin, 59; of Dred
Scott decision, 59; impossi-
bility of territorial expan-
sion (1859), 59, 60; attempt-
ed expansion, 61; price of
slaves, 61; demand for slaves
and territorial expansion, 62,
114; slaves and John Brown's
raid, 84, 87-89; Davis's reso-
lution on territorial (1860),
99-101, 104; Lincoln's Cooper
Institute speech, 101; Seward
on (1860), 102-104; Demo-
cratic platform on territo-
rial, 110-114; Republican
platform on territorial, 117;
Sumner's speech, 125; recog-
nition in Confederate consti-
tution, 256, 257; foundation
of Confederate government,
258; bibliography, 351. See
also Compromise.
Slemmer, A. J., occupies Fort

Pickens, 247.

Slidell, John, in Senate, 90;
manifesto of southern con-
gressmen, 242.

Smith, C. B., selected for interi-

or portfolio, 281, 282; and
relief of Sumter, 294, 306.
Smith, Gerrit, negro coloniza-