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122. Point out the prefixes below, give their meanings, and state from what language they are derived :—

Incursion, paradox, oblation, reprove, prelate, relate, eclipse, forbear, recollect, disintegrate, illicit, episcopacy, composure, deportment, apprehend, mishap, ashore, retrieve, protrude, archetype, suburb, invaluable, immense, prohibit, benefactor, euphony, hemisphere, anabaptist, accident, heterogenous, biped, retrospection, subterfuge, undone, besmear, coincidence.

STRUCTURE of Noun.

123. Write out a list of ten noun roots, ten primary derivatives, ten secondary derivatives, and ten compound nouns.

124. Write primary derivatives (nouns) from the following roots, and explain what change has taken place :

Bless, bite, feed, deal, set, sing, dog, wreathe, prove, breathe, love, choose, bake, live, weave, bathe, strive, speak, use.

125. Point out the affixes in the following Saxon derivatives, and state the meaning of each :

Liar, drunkard, darling, hillock, brooklet, kingdom, horsemanship, whiteness, slavery, beggary, laughter, wedlock, manhood, hatchet, shovel, girdle.

126. Point out the affixes in the following Latin and Greek derivatives, and state the meaning of each :

Particle, animalcula, sponsor, executrix, aversion, condition, penitence, sophist, Jebusite, dignity, multitude, justice, condiment, candour, fissure, an export, an import, academician, royalist, fallacy, formula, globule, region, independence.

127. State from what language the following affixes are derived, and what they each imply :

-ard, -ess, -kin, -sor, -tor, -trix, -eer, -ist, -ling, -let, -lock, -tude, -ence, -ary, -sure, -el, -ness, -hood, -head, -ment, -isk, cule.

128. Write out a list of twenty nouns signifying agent, ten diminutives; thirty denoting abstract ideas, and ten signifying instrument; and state from what language each is derived.

129. Determine which of the following words are original roots, which primary derivatives, which secondary derivatives, and which compound words, and put each in a list by itself:-

End, hopeless, stream, right, snuff, rest, goodness, life, character, ideal, world, sun, law, strife, distance, year, foremost, joy, fear, pleasure, parent, child, proud, full, cloth, night, morning, heaven, manhood, stem, people, tyrant.

STRUCTURE OF THE ADJECTIVE.

130. Give a list of twenty adjectives, which you would consider to be original roots.

131. Write primary derivatives (adjectives) from the following words :

String, die, heal, heat, trow, wring, pride, save.

132. Point out the affixes in the following secondary derivatives, and put the meaning to each when they can be determined :

Dusty, mountainous, verbose, fruitful, homeward, carboniferous, intelligent, imaginative, friendly, childlike, hopeless, handsome, witty, southern, blackish, sevenfold, earthen, edible, eatable.

133. Write out a list of twenty Saxon derivatives, and twenty Latin derivatives (adjectives), and state what the affix in each case implies.

STRUCTURE OF THE PRONOUN.

134. Which may be considered the original pronouns of the English language?

135. Give a list of the principal derived pronouns, and show what they are derived from.

STRUCTURE OF THE VERB.

136. Give a list of English root-verbs, with the past tense of each?

137. Give primary derivatives (verbs) from the following

roots:

Fall, rise, roll, strew, hound, rush, fly, drop, dream, breath, sit, lie, blood, rise, melt, wash, shake, glass, dry, cool.

138. Point out the affixes, if any, of the following words, and determine their meaning:

Scatter, whiten, harden, imitate, clamber, prattle, exist, assent, linger, shuffle, bully, baptize, disturb, suspect, terminate, expedite, inhabit.

139. Give a list of twenty Saxon, twenty Latin, and five Greek derivatives (verbs); explain the force of the affix in each, or show where an affix is wanting.

STRUCTURE OF THE ADVERB.

140. Give a list of original adverbs, and of primary derivatives, showing from what the latter are derived.

141. In the following adverbs, point out the affixes and prefixes, and determine the meaning of each :

Always, shortly, daily, likewise, abroad, betimes, heavenward, forward, adrift, before.

142. Give a list of twenty compound adverbs.

STRUCTURE OF THE PREPOSITION.

143. State which of the following prepositions are original, which derived, and which verbal :—

At, by, about, around, on, of, concerning, till, through, against, below, beyond, touching, during, up, with, except.

STRUCTURE OF THE CONJUNCTION.

144. State which of the following conjunctions are original, which derived, and which compound :—

And, either, or, neither, but, than, through, nevertheless, if, whether, even, since, although, moreover, seeing, since.

The teacher can now give out the more prominent words in each lesson to be explained according to the following model :

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Instead of giving the different derivatives under the Latin roots, I have thought it best that the pupil should have the exercise of combining the prefixes and affixes with the root, and thus discovering the etymology of words for himself.

VOCABULARY.

I. SAXON ROOTS.

Observation.-A great number of English words are derived from precisely corresponding Saxon words. Where the derivation is obvious, (as, smith, brother, tooth, &c., from smith, brothor, toth, &c.,) the Saxon words are not given in the Vocabulary. The roots printed below are those which give origin to a number of English words, the derivation of which is more disguised.

SAXON NOUNS.

Ecer, a field; (Ger. Aker,) acre, God's-acre.

Bana, death; bane, baneful, henbane. Bot, satisfaction; to boot, bootless. Cyn, race; kin, kindred, kind.

Deor, animal; (Ger. Thier,) deer. Durham.

Doel, part; (Ger. Theil,) dole, deal, to deal.

Dun, ahill; downs; most proper names ending in don.

Ea, eas, water; island; many names of places in ey. Ouse. Feond, enemy; (Ger. Feind,) fiend, fiendish.

Fugal, bird; (Ger. Vogel,) fowl, fowler, fowling-piece.

Geard, enclosure; yard, garden. Gorst, furze; gorse, gooseberry. Ham, dwelling; home, (Ger. Heim,) hamlet; names of places ending in ham.

Holm, island; Holms, Axholm, &c. Hund, dog; (Ger. Hund,) hound, hunt. Hythe, port; Hythe, Rotherhythe. Ing, meadow; the Ings, names of places in ing.

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Sped, success; speed, Godspeed.
Stede, station; names of places in
stead.

Stoc, place; names of places in
Stow, stock and stow.
Sund, strait; sound, Bomarsund.
Tid, time; (Ger. Zeit,) tide, shrove-
tide, (time and tide.)

Wald, wood; (Ger. Wald,) weald, wold, Walt-ham.

Weard, guard; ward, warden.
Wic, dwelling; Wick, and names of

places ending in same. Wirt, root; (Ger. Wurzel,) wort. Thorp, village; (Ger. Dorf,) names of places in thorp.

Wise, manner; (Ger. Weise,) in nowise, leastways. Wylen, slave; villain.

SAXON VERBS.

Beordan, to order; (Ger. bieten,) bid, | Hebban, to lift; (Ger. heben,) heave.

beadle.

Beorgan, to protect; (Ger. borgen,)

burgh, borough.

Blosan, to blow; (Ger. blasen) blast, bluster, blossom.

Bidan, to wait; bide, abide, abode. Brucan, to use; broker, to brook. Buan, to cultivate; (Ger. bauen,) boor, neighbour.

Bugan, to bow; (Ger. biegen,) bow, bough, bay, elbow. Ceapian, to buy; (Ger. kaufen,) cheap, chapman, chaffer, Cheapside, Chipping.

Cearcian, to creak; cark, chatter, chirp. (Old Eng. chirk.) Clypian, to call; old Eng. yclept. Cunnian, to search; to con, cunning, (Ger. kennen.) Cwellan, to slay; quell, kill. Deman, to judge; deem, doom. Dragan, to draw; drag, draught, (Ger. tragen.)

Drigan, to dry; drought, drug, (Ger. trocken.)

Faran, to go; fare, farewell, ferry, thoroughfare.

Fengan, to catch; (Ger. fangen,) finger, fang.

Frean, to love; (Ger. freien,) friend.
Frician, to jump; freak, frog.
Fullian, to corrupt; foul, filth.
Galan, to sing; nightingale.
Gangen, to go; gang, gangway, (Ger.
gehen.)

Glewan, to shine; glow, gleam, (Ger. glühen.)

Grafan, to dig; (Ger. graben,) grave, engrave, groove.

Gripon, to squeeze; (Ger. greifen,) gripe, grip.

SAXON

Macian, to make; (Ger. machen,) make, mackle.

Monan, to think; (Ger. meinen,} mean, mind.

Mengan, to mix; (Ger. mengen,) mingle, among.

Metsian, to feed; meat, mess.
Plihtan, to expose to danger; plight.
Ræpan, to bind; wrap, reap, rope.
Reccan, to care; to reck, reckless.
Sceadan, to divide; scot, scatter, shed,
watershed.

Sceiran, to cut; shear, shears, share, sheer, ploughshare, sear, score. Slehan, to kill; (Ger. schlagen,) slay, slaughter, sleight, sly (clever in stroke.)

Snican, to creep; sneak, snake.
Steorfan, to die; starve, (Ger. sterben.)
Stigan, to ascend; (Ger. steigen,)
stair, stage, storey, stirrup.
Tellan, to count; (Ger. zählen,) tell,

tale.

Teogan, to draw; tug.

Thincan, to seem; methinks (it seems to me).

Thringan, to press; (Ger. dringen,) throng.

Wanian, to fail; wane, wan. Wealden, to govern: wield, bretwalda, (Ger. Gewalt.)

Wenan, to think; ween. Wenden, to go; wend, went, wander, (Ger. wenden.)

Witan, to know; wit, wot, wise, (Ger. wissen.)

Writhan, to twist; wreathe, writhe,

wrath, wroth, wry.

Wrecan, to revenge; wreak.
Wunian, to dwell; (Ger. wohnen,)

wont.

ADJECTIVES.

Ær, before; ere, early, erst.
Bald, brave; bold, Ethelbold.
Eald, old; elder, alderman, Aldgate.
God, good; gospel, godsend.

Hal, sound; whole, wholesome, hale.

Halig, holy; (Ger. heilig,) Halidoun.
Rein, clean; (Ger. rein,) rinse.
Rude, red; ruddy, Ruthin.
Soth, true; sooth, soothsayer.

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