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when he says, "Such of the priests as were saved took the sacred vessels of Jupiter Enyalius, and came to Shinar of Babylonia."

CHAP. V.

OF THE MANNER IN WHICH THE POSTERITY OF NOAH SENT

OUT COLONIES, AND INHABITED THE WHOLE EARTH.

Scythians. Now as to Javan and Madai, the sons of Japhet; from Madai came the Madeans, which are called Medes by the Greeks, but from Javan and Jonia all the Grecians are derived. Thobel founded the Thobelites, now called Iberes: and the Mosocheni, now called Cappadocians, were founded by Mosoph. There is also a mark of their ancient FTER this they were dispersed abroad on denomination still to be shown, for there is now account of the difference of their lan-even now among them a city called Mazaca, guages, and went out by colonies every which may inform those who are able to unwhere ; and each colony took possession of derstand, that so was the nation once called. that land unto which God led them, so that Thiras also called those whom he ruled over the whole continent was filled with them, both Thiracians, but the Greeks changed the name the inland and maritime countries. There into Thracians: and so many were the counwere some also who passed over the sea in tries that had the children of Japhet for their ships, and inhabited the islands; and some of inhabitants. those nations still retain the denominations Of the three sons of Gomer, Aschanax which were given them by their first foun-founded the Aschanaxians, who are ders, but some have lost them, and some have called by the Greeks Rheginians; Riphath only admitted certain changes in them, that founded the Ripheans, now called Paphlagothey might be more intelligible to the in- nians; and Thrugramma the Thrugrammeans, habitants; and they were the Greeks who who, as the Greeks resolved, were named became the authors of such mutations; for Phrygians. Of the three sons of Javan also, when, in after ages, they grew potent, they the son of Japhet. Elisa gave name to the claimed to themselves the glory of antiquity, Eliseans, who were his subjects; they are giving names to the nations that sounded well now the Eolians. Tharsus to the Tharsians, in Greek, that they might be better under- for so was Cilicia of old called; the sign of stood among themselves, and setting agree-which is, that the noblest city they have, and able forms of government over them, as if they were a people derived from themselves.

CHAP. VI.

HOW EVERY NATION WAS DENOMINATED FROM THEIR FIRST
INHABITANTS.

OW they were the grand-children of Noah

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a metropolis also, is Tausus, the letter Tau being by change put for Theta. Cethimus possessed the island Cethima. It is now called Cyprus, and from that all islands, and the greatest part of the sea-coasts, are named Cethim by the Hebrews; and one city there is in Cyprus that has been able to preserve its denomination; it is called Citius by those utge

on the nations by those that first seized upon not, by the use of that dialect, escaped the them. Japhet, the son of Noah, had seven name of Cethim: and so many nations have sons; they inhabited so, that beginning at the children and grand-children of Japhet the mountains Taurus and Amanus, they pro- possessed. Now when I have promised someceeded along Asia, as far as the river Tanais, what which, perhaps, the Greeks do not know, and along Europe to Cadiz, and settling I will return and explain what I have omitted; themselves on the lands they chose, which for such names are pronounced here after the none had inhabited before, they called the manner of the Greeks, to please my readers, nations by their own names; for Gomer for our own language does not so pronounce founded those whom the Greeks called Gala-them; but the names in all cases are of one tians, but were then called Gomerites. Magog founded those that from him were named Mogogites, but who are by the Greeks called

and the same ending; for the name we here pronounce Noeus, is there Noah, and in every case retains the same termination.

of one only, the Philistim, for the Greeks call part of that country Palestine. As for the rest, Ludieim, Enemim, and Labim, who alone inhabited Libya, and called the country from himself; Nedim and Phethrosim, and Chesloim and Cephthorim, we know nothing of them besides their names; for the Ethiopic war,* which we shall describe hereafter, was the cause that those cities were overthrown.

The children of Ham possessed the land from Syria and Amanus, and the mountains of Libanus, seizing upon all the maritime parts, and keeping them as their own. Some, indeed, of its names are utterly vanished: others of them being changed, and another sound given them, are hardly to be discovered; yet there are a few which have kept their denominations entire; for of the four sons of Ham, time has not at all hurt the The sons of Canaan were these; Sidonius, name of Chus; for the Ethiopians, over whom who built a city of the same name, but called he reigned, are even at this day, both by by the Greeks Sidon; Amathus inhabited themselves and by all men in Asia, called Amathine, which is even now called Amathe Chusites. The memory also of the Mesraites by the inhabitants, although the Macedonians is preserved in their name: for all we who in-named it Epiphania, from one of his posterity; habit the country of Judea call Egypt Mestre, Arudeus possessed the island Aradeus; Aruand the Egyptians Mestrians. Phut also was cus possessed Arce, which is in Libanus. But the founder of Libya, and called the inhabit- of the seven others, Chetteus, Jebuceus, Amorants Phutites, from himself; there is also a reus, Gergesseus, Eudeus, Sineus, and Samariver in the country of the Moors which bears reus, we have nothing in the sacred books but that name, whence the greatest part of the their names; for the Hebrews overthrew their Grecian historians mention that river, and the cities, and their calamities came upon them on adjoining country, by the appellation of Phut: the occasion following. but the name it has now is derived from one of the sons of Mestraim, who was called Lybyos. We will inform you presently what has been the occasion why it has been called Africa also. Canaan, the fourth son of Ham, inhabited the country now called Judea, and called it from his own name Canaan. The children of these four were, Sabas, who founded the Sabeans: Evilas, who founded the Evileans, now called Getuli; Sabathes, who founded the Sabathens, called by the Greeks Astoborans; Sabactas, who settled the Sabactens and Ragmus, who founded the Ragmeans. This latter had two sons, one of whom, Judadas, settled the Judadeans, a nation of the western Ethiopians, and left them his name; as did Sabas to the Sabeans. But Nimrod, the son of Chus, stayed and tyrannized at Babylon, as we have already observed.

Now all the children of Mestrain, being eight in number, possessed the country from Gaza to Egypt, though it retained the name

** One observation ought not here to be neglected, with regard to that Ethiopic war, which Moses, as general of the Egyptians, put an end to, II, 10. and about which modern writers seem very much unconcerned; viz. that it was a war of that consequence, as to occasion the removal

When, after the deluge, the earth was resettled in its former condition, Noah set about its cultivation, and planted it with vines; and when the fruit was ripe, and he had gathered the grapes in their season, and the wine was ready for use, he offered sacrifice, and feasted; and, being inebriated, he fell asleep, and lay naked in an unseemly manner. When his youngest son saw this, he came laughing, and showed him to his brethren, but they covered their father's nakedness; and when Noah was made sensible of what had been done, he prayed for prosperity to his other sons; but for Ham, he did not curse him by reason of his nearness in blood, but cursed his posterity; and when the rest of them escaped that curse, God inflicted it on the children of Canaan. But of these matters we shall speak more hereafter.

Shem, the third son of Noah, had five sons,‡ who inhabited the land that began at Euphrates, and reached to the Indian ocean. For Elam left behind him the Elamites, the

or destruction of six or seven nations of the posterity of
Mesraim, with their cities, which Josephus would not
have said, if he had not had ancient records to justify his
assertions, though those records be now lost.
↑ Gen. ix. 21.
Gen. x. 21.

ancestors

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ancestors of the Persians. Ashur lived at the || begotten by Sala when he was an hundred and city Ninive, and named his subjects Assyrians, thirty years old: whom Arphaxad had for his who became the most fortunate nation beyond son at the hundred and thirty-fifth year of his others. Arphaxad named the Arphaxadites, age. Arphaxad was the son of Shem, and who are now called Chaldeans. Aram had born twelve years after the deluge. Now the Aramites, whom the Greeks call Syrians; Abram had two brethren, Nahor and Haran: and Lud founded the Ludites, who are now of these, Haran left a son, Lot; as also Sarai called Lydians. Of the four sons of Aram, and Milcha, his daughters; and died among Uz founded Trachonitis and Damascus; this the Chaldeans, in a city of the Chaldeans called country lies between Palestine and Colesyria. Ur, and his monument is shown to this day. Ul founded Armenia; and Gather the Bac-These married their nieces; Nahor married trians; and Mesa the Mesaneans: it is now called Charax Spasina. Sala was the son of Arphaxad and his son was Heber, from whom they originally called the Jews Hebrews.* Heber begat Joctan and Phaleg. He was called Phaleg because he was bornt at the dispersion of the nations to their several countries, for Phaleg among the Hebrews signifies division. Now Joctan, one of the sons of Heber, had these sons, Elmodad, Saleph, Asermoth, Jera, Adoram, Aizel, Decla, Ebal, Abimeal, Sabeus, Ophir, Euilar, and Jobab: these inhabited from Cophen, an Indian river, and in part of Asia adjoining to it; and this may suffice concerning the sons of Shem.

Milcha, and Abram married Sarai. Now Terah hating Chaldea on account of his mourning for Haran, they all removed to Haran of Mesopotamia, where Teran § died, and was buried, when he had lived to be two hundred and five years old; for the life of man was already, by degress, diminished, and became shorter than before, till the birth of Moses, after whom the term of human life was one hundred and twenty years, God determining it to the length that Moses happened to live. Now Nahor had eight sons by Milcha; Uz and Buz, Kemual, Chesed, Azau, Pheldas, Jadelph, and Bethuel. These were all the genuine sons of Nahor; for Teba and Gaam, and Tachus and Maaca, I will now treat of the Hebrews. The son were born of Reuma his concubine; but of Phaleg, whose father was Heber, was Ra-Bethuel had a daughter Rebecca, and a son gau, whose son was Serug, to whom was born Nahor: his son was Terah, who was the father of Abraham, who accordingly was the tenth from Noah, who was born in the two hundred and ninety-second year after the deluge: for Terah begat Abram in his seventieth bine and twenty when he brother Haman's son, and piece year. Nahor begat Haram one hundred and twenty years old. Nahas ABRAM, having no sons of his own, adopted was born to Serug at his hundred and thirty- Sarai's brother: he left the land of Chaldea second year; Ragau and Serug at one hun- when he was seventy-five years old; and at dred and thirty; at the same age also Phaleg the command of God went into Canaan, had Ragau; Heber begat Phaleg in his hun- and therein he dwelt himself, and left it to his dred and thirty-fourth year, he himself being posterity. He was a person of great sagacity,

* That the Jews were called Hebrews from their progenitor Heber, our author Josephus here rightly affirms; and not from Abram the Hebrew, or passenger over Euphrates, as many of the moderns suppose. Shem is also called the Father of all the Children of Heber, or of all the Hebrews, in a history long before Abram passed over Euphrates. Gen. x, 21:

Laban.

CHAP. VII.

OF ABRAM'S REMOVAL FROM THE COUNTRY OF THE CHAL
DEANS, TO THE LAND THEN CALLED CANAAN, BUT NOW
JUDEA.

by which the confusion of languages, and the dispersion of mankind, fell no later than the 100th year after the deluge, which is impossible to be supposed, and is a great deal too soon for such confusion of languages and dispersion of mankind, which, by the best chronology, did not happen till 300 years later, or till 400 years after the flood.

Therefore the second Cainan is spurious. See Ber

If Phaleg were so called at his birth, as Josephus here rightly asserts, it is plain the short Hebrew, or Ma-nard's note. sorete, chronology, was not the chronology of Josephus, § An. 1962.

|| An. 1612.

Gen. xii. 1.

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