After all was done, the Governor conducted him to the brook, and there they embraced each other. This treaty was kept with fidelity as long as Massasoyt lived, but was afterwards, in 1675, violated by Philip, his successor.

The Bradford and Winslow. Journal of April 5, 1621, records as follows:

"While we are busy about our seed, our Governor, Mr. Carver, comes out of the field very sick; complains greatly of his head. Within a few hours his senses fail, so as he speaks no more, and in a few days after dies, to our great lamentation and heaviness. His care and pains were so great for the common good, as therewith, it is thought, he oppressed himself and shortened his days; of whose loss we cannot sufficiently complain; and his wife deceases about five or six weeks after."

Mr. Carver's pastor, Rev. John Robinson, reveals his esteem in his parting letter to him.

"MY DEAR BROTHER:

"I received enclosed your last letter and note of information, which I shall carefully keep and make use of as there shall be occasion. I have a true feeling of your perplexity of mind and toil of body; but I hope that you, having always been able to plentifully administer comfort unto others in their trials, are so well furnished for yourself, as that far greater difficulties than you have yet undergone (though I conceive them to be great enough) cannot oppress you though they press you as the Apostle speaketh. The spirit of a man (sustained I doubt not so will yours; and

by the Spirit of God) will sustain his infirmity.' the better much, when you shall enjoy the presence and help of so many godly and wise brethren, for the bearing of part of your burden. . . Now what shall I say or write unto you and your good wife, my loving sister? Even only this; I desire and always shall, mercy and blessing unto you from the Lord, as unto my own soul; and assure yourself that my heart is with you, and that I will not foreslow my bodily coming at the first opportunity. I have written a large letter to the whole, and am sorry I shall not rather speak than write to them; and the more, considering the want of a preacher, which I shall also make some spur to my hastening towards you. I do ever commend my best affection unto you; which if I thought you made any doubt of, I would express in more, and the same more ample and full words. And the Lord, in whom you trust, and whom you serve even in this business and journey, guide you with his hand, protect you with his wing, and show you and us his salvation in the end, and bring us in the meanwhile, together in the place desired (if such be his good will) for his Christ's sake. Amen.

"Yours,

"JOHN ROBINSON."

"July 27, 1620,"

The historian, Rev. Dr. Belknap, speaks as follows of Mr. Carver :

"Piety, humility and benevolence were eminent traits in his character. It is particularly remarked that in the time of general sickness which befel the colony, and with which he was affected, after he had himself recovered, he was assiduous in attending the sick, and performing the most humiliating services for them, without any distinction of persons or character."

Mr. Carver had children, and it is stated that they attained no civil honors.

The broadsword which belonged to him is deposited in the cabinet of the Historical Society at Boston.

REUBEN ATWATER
ATWATER CHAPMAN.

CHIEF-JUSTICE OF MASSACHUSETTS SUPREME COURT, 1868-1873.*

REUBEN A. CHAPMAN, son of a farmer and grandson of a Connecticut clergyman, was born at Russel, Hampden County, Mass., September 20, 1801, died at Fluelen, Switzerland, June 28, 1873.

His early advantages were limited, and at nineteen years of age he became a clerk in a store at Blandford. Here he attracted the attention of a lawyer, who invited him to become a student in his office. The offer was accepted, and he was admitted to the bar. He practiced successively at Westfield, Monson, Ware and Springfield. In the latter place he connected himself with George Ashmun, and for twenty years, the firm of Chapman & Ashmun was among the most successful in the State.

In September, 1860, he was appointed an Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and on February 7, 1868, he was appointed Chief-Justice. He was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and supported Mr. Lincoln.

Mr. Chapman was one of the original founders of the South Congregational Church of Springfield, and was its first Sundayschool superintendent. He accepted the Bible as the inspired Word of God, and held what is called the Evangelical Faith, regarding Jesus Christ as the Divine Redeemer of mankind. The Sabbath always found him in the place of worship, and he was habitually present at the weekly prayer meeting. He enjoyed the good old hymns and tunes, and loved to sing them. He was interested in Home Evangelization, reaching with religious

* Appleton's "Cyclopædia of Biography"; "Discourse," by Rev. S. G. Buckingham.

influences the neglected neighborhoods; and in the work of Missions, Home and Foreign. He was a friend to the temperance cause, and could pity as well as blame those who had fallen under the control of appetite. "There are those who were once miserable in vice, but who for years have led temperate and virtuous lives, who will tell you Squire Chapman pulled me out of the ditch.'"

When the war of the Rebellion broke out, he counselled from the first the liberation of the slaves.

Amherst College conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. 1861.

SAMUEL CHASE.

SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 1776.*

REV. THOMAS CHASE, father of Samuel, a native of England, emigrated to America; married a farmer's daughter; settled for a time in Somerset County, Md.; in 1743 removed to Baltimore to take charge there of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. His attainments in classical learning were of superior order.

Samuel Chase was born in Somerset County, Md., April 17, 1741; died June 9, 1811.

He was carefully educated by his father; studied law at Annapolis; was admitted to the bar in 1761, and in Annapolis commenced practice. "Here his talents, industry, intrepidity, imposing stature, sonorous voice, and energetic elocution raised him to distinction."

He was sent by Maryland as a delegate to the Continental Congress, serving from 1774 to 1778; again in 1784 and 1785; and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. On the floor of Congress he gave a stern rebuke to the Society of Friends, for alleged disloyalty. In 1791 he was appointed Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of Maryland; and in 1796 he was appointed by Washington Associate Judge of the United States Supreme Court.

In the year 1794 two men were tarred and feathered in the pub lic streets of Baltimore, and Judge Chase caused two respectable and popular men to be arrested as ringleaders. They refused to give bail, and the Judge directed the Sheriff to take one of the prisoners to jail. The Sheriff replied that he apprehended resist

"Lives of the Signers," by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich Force's "American Archives"; Drake's "Dictionary of American Biography."