pale green upward-sloping meadows; then the purple heights; and the hazy heaven above them." From the side of the town narrow streets run out to the Rampart, their wooden footways and rugged stone pavings spotlessly clean, and the closely impinging houses of grey-stone wearing an air of mingled quaintness, sobriety, and pride. Anon the rambler reaches the unsightly gap occupying the place of the ancient Hope Gate, which stood unti! eight years ago-a delicious bit of military architecture, its masonry blackened with age, and the timbers of the gate garnished with ponderous iron-work. The Street of the Holy Family runs thence inward to the

cathedral-square, and another street zigzags down the cliff to the Lower Town. The next reach of the Rampart promenade runs between the lofty buildings of Laval University and the cliff-crowning defences, and terminates at the Grand Battery, where a long line of venerable 32-pounders glower down over the harbour, as if watching for the upward sailing of a fleet of hostile three-deckers of France, still bearing the white flag of the Bourbons at their mast-heads, and with the laceadorned nobles of the ancien régime on their quarter-decks.

Beyond the Grand Battery, the buildings and gardens of the Parliament House occupy an angle of the

OLD FRENCH HOUSE.

fortifications where the crag juts out towards the river, and close to the site of the Prescott Gate. The last reach of the wall runs nearly parallel with the St. Lawrence, and terminates at the glacis of the Citadel. It has been converted into a broad promenade, enrailed at the verge of the precipice, and dotted with pretty little pavilions, under and about which are benches for the accommodation of visitors. This is the famous Dufferin Terrace, where the leisurely burghers gather to enjoy the cool summer breeze, and to see the sun set behind the purple mountains beyond Château Richer and St. Ferréol, over the rich meadows of the Côte de Beaupré. Toward the Upper Town are the Place d'Armes (which should now be called the Place des Fiacres), reaching to the English Cathedral; the old Château, which was erected in 1779 for the British Governors, and is now about to give place to an immense modern hotel; and the umbrageous shades of the Governor's Garden, adorned by a lofty monument to the memory of the rival gencrals, Wolfe and Montcalm. This magnanimous shaft bears the following inscription, remarkable for its elegant Latinity

MORTEM. VIRTUS. COMMUNEM.

FAMAM. HISTORIA.
MONUMENTUM. POSTERITAS.

DEDIT.

The Dufferin Terrace occupies in part the site of the ancient Château St. Louis, erected by Champlain in 1620, and sheltering, behind its ponderous stone walls, the appointments of a fortress, a prison, and a palace for the French Governors. This was the seat of a vast sovereignty, reaching from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Hudson's Bay across the great western lakes and through the Mississippi Valley to the Gulf of Mexico and the frontiers of New Spain. Many a night wore away here in vigils and plottings, while the nobles and gentry of France sought means to extend their power farther and farther into the unknown West, and to extirpate the feeble growths of British power which were fixing themselves along the rocky coasts of New England.

The prospect afforded to the loungers on the Terrace is full of profound and varied interest. Far below are the sag-roofed and ancient houses of the Lower Town, with their at dormer-windows, labyrinths of clothes-lines, light wooden bridges from house-top to house-top, monumental chimneys and massy coigns, all huddled close against the moist rocks If the precipice, as if needing such sturdy support in their squalid old age. For it is wymind, although with the picturesque and indolent uncleanness of the Neapolitan streets, ter than the irredeemable frowsiness of Anglo-American poverty. The space between the filf and the river is so narrow that some of the streets are nothing more than the least É unes. Bordered by houses of great height, and evenly floored with timber. Beyond is the imad and ragöl St. Lawrence, with great ships at anchor or beating up the stream: ung well-steamships from Liverpool and Glasgow; queer little coasting craft from the French pets & ward Gaspé and the Saguenay; Scandinavian ships, laden with the lumber vien fonts 3. ither in enormous rafts; and the little ferry-boasts running to and from the al meent river-villages. It is a bird's-eye view, for the tallest mast-beads are below the fna lỗ the gazen. Begood the silvery levels of the St. Lawrence are the popalvas beights of Pazt Levi, and the alternating forests and fells of the Isle of Orleans, with its white namiets—named she the saints-glittering in the sunlight. Estrad stretch the Besuport Fans mossed by an unlocken band of Norman farm-biases, kosting themselves together my Inte hanks here and there, their high-spired charides deadly outlined in the crystalle at and bounded by the dark montains, which are also the last frames of erilisation fred L Berial are a few mode Freon scenes, and the vast whils which mia Eass bug, and are tread cely by the tiness Indar karters. And the of the pret s that it's gibel, not from some Joe montac-top, bet from of a pet is and anger Christian cry, and from the nupers of a fortress of I las len Imed to the views from Chestar Elsbergi. Innspro.k, and

expresses his belief that "few cities offer so many striking contrasts. A fortress and a commercial city together, built upon the summit of a rock like the nest of an eagle, while her vessels are everywhere wrinkling the surface of the ocean; an American city inhabited by French colonists, governed by England, and garrisoned by Scotch regiments; a European city by its civilisation and its habits of refinement, and still close by the remnant of the Indian tribes and the barren mountains of the North."

The history of Quebec is full of the profoundest fascination, but scant justice can be done to it in a brief outline, which must ignore hundreds of acts of devotion, of valour, and of romantic chivalry. Its very name is a mystery. Some believe that it is derived from the Indian word Kebec, signifying "a strait," and applied to the narrowing of the St. Lawrence off Cape Diamond. Others think that it was named in loving remembrance of Caudebec, on the Seine, to which its natural features bear a magnified resemblance; and show that William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk in the fifteenth century, bore on his seal the title of Lord of Quebec. Suffolk had large estates in France, and became the conqueror of Joan of Arc; but was impeached and put to death for causing the loss of the English provinces on the Continent (as related by Shakspere, in King Henry VI., Part II., Act iv.). The popular account, however, of the origin of the name of the Canadian Gibraltar tells of the astonished cry of the French explorers on first seeing Cape Diamond, Quel bec!" (What a beak!), which by an easy elision became Quebec.

It was in May of the year 1535 that Jacques Cartier gathered his high-born officers and fearless sailors in the Cathedral of St. Malo, where, after attending mass, they received the bishop's blessing, and then departed over the unknown western seas. The largest vessel of the fleet was only 120 tons burden; but they crossed the ocean safely, and ascended the broad St. Lawrence, past the dark Saguenay gorges, and the vine-laden shores of the Isle of Orleans. The savages told Cartier of the river that "it goes so far that no man hath ever been to the end;" and he reported it to be "the greatest river, without comparison, that is known to have ever been seen." At Quebec he found an Indian village named Stadaconé, governed by King Donnacona; above which a vast lone promontory thrust its beetling front into the rushing river. Cartier sailed up to the site of Montreal, leaving at Quebec a colony of Frenchmen, many of whom died in their little fort during the long and bitter winter. When the spring time came again, and the icy bonds of the river were broken, Cartier abandoned the rude and melancholy cantonment by Cape Diamond and sailed away to France, bearing with him the barbarian king and several of his chiefs. few months later, and Donnacona was baptised with great pomp, in the Cathedral of Rouen; and a few months more, he and his forest-lords were dead. After five years had passed, Cartier reached Quebec once more, and built new forts, but the natives viewed the colonists with just suspicion, and the whole company soon returned to La Belle France. It was not until 1608 that the noble Champlain sailed up the river, and founded the city, at the base of the majestic cliffs which have since been so richly endowed with heroic memories. Soon the Franciscans came, and then the Jesuits; and the consecrated priests entered upon their century's labour of Christianising the Hurons, while the men-at-arms were busy in fighting the Iroquois and the New England men. The little town had been founded only twenty years, when Sir David Kirke attacked it with an English fleet, and