which she has endir del her head -Harwelles las prema kring of her different ages"

The disappearance of a activities has been most aromtel fe by different writers. Some att inte is to the zeal of the art Cirscans. chers to the frent barbarie invasions. Bus in qpite of her fame and emmereni progeny, Karelles was never a city of the first orier, and its baldhil whether the ever pessessed the temples, therma, palaces, and amphitheatre net vi a ther places. In making exarations some fragments of a Greek ship, some tials vid Greek, inseriptions, s me vises, melis, and other curiosities have Leen diservered, and pineed in the Burely Musem, but with these triding exceptions the Phoeman ery has attery passed away. Of the meleral churches we have already spoken, bus in the Old City stands a venemille rein, the Tour de St. Paul, which claims a passing notice. It is a rebe để the fifth century, and spa it stood the famous enlverin of which Marselles was so perol, and vich was bestriped at the visit of Louis XIV. That enverin played an important part when, in 1945, the Constable, Charles de Bourbon, flashed with victories over timer is enemies, bathed himself Count of Provence, and came, with his perol standard of the winged stug and faming swords, to conger Marseilles. The burghers, abled by Marstal Chalanas and the engineer Mirabel, who with a number of French gentry had thrown themselves into the city, en led themselves to the number of 9,990, and levelled their suburbs, sparing neither chumbes nur ecnvents to raise outworks and put their fortresses and ramparts in order. Charles came to ree nnoitre, and his Lieutenant Pescaire foretold difficulties. The pool Constable declared that at the sound of the first cannon the burghers would evme forth with their keys. The army of 15,500 Germans, Spaniards, and Italians invested the city, and on August 23rd, before opening the trenches, Bourton and Pescaire attended mass. Whist so engaged a ball from the culverin killed the priest who was officiating. It is caly the hangers of Marseilles coming out with their keys," said Pescaire. Days of temille cannealing ensued, met by desperate resistance from the citizens. As we have already stated, the women aided in repairing the breaches. On August 26th a tremendous assault on the battered walls was unsuccessful. But the French army was now appnaching; the laffed Constable was compelled to head off his troops, and, amidst the acclamations of the citizens, the culverin of the Tour de St. Paul fired its parting volleys into their retreating ranks,

The Hôtel de Ville on the North Quay of the Old Port was of greater importance in ancient days than at the present time. To earlier generations it was the symbol of communal life-it represented the idea of a common interest triumphing over individual aime and efforts. Upon the façade are the royal arms, sculptured by Puget, but considerably mutilated by the Republicans of 1793.

Immense sums have been spent on the municipal buildings of Marseilles during the recent period of aggrandi-ement and prosperity. The new Bourse on the Cannebière was erected in 1951 60 at a cost of 9,000,000 francs, chiefly at the expense of the Chamber of Commerce, a wealthy and important body directly representing the ancient corporation which originated the early colonisation schemes. The principal hall, measuring 114 feet by 5*, is larger than the hall of the Bourse at Paris. In the gallery is a colossal statue of Napoleon III., who laid the first stone of the edifice when President in 1552, but the

statue displays the mutilations inflicted upon it when the imperial star went down at Sedan.

The new Hôtel de la Préfecture, built in 1861-5, covers a large parallelogram measuring 292 feet by 260. It is a fine building, enclosing a cour d'honneur, and cost 10,000,000 francs. Fresh expense was incurred in repairing the damage done by cannonading it to drive out the Communists in April, 1871. The Ancien Préfecture is now a barracks. It was once the abode of the noted Roux, who spent so much of his immense fortune in fitting out privateers, and who once wrote a braggadocio letter to the King of England, commencing "Georges de Corse à Georges d'Angleterre."

The new Palais de Justice is a vast building, plentifully adorned with marble columns, statues, and bas-reliefs, and dates from 1858-62.

In the Consigne on the Quai du Port, where sea-captains have been wont to receive their final instructions, there is a council-chamber surrounded with paintings. A fine picture by Gérard represents the good Bishop Belzunce engaged in his pious work of aiding the sick and dying, during the terrible visitations of the plague in 1720, when 30,000 of the inhabitants of the city perished.

Just where the road from Aix enters Marseilles, there is an Arc de Triomphe, in imitation of the Arc du Carrousel at Paris. It was erected in 1820-30 to commemorate the taking of Trocadéro by the Duc d'Angoulême. But the July Revolution altered men's views, and the arch was made a memorial of the Republican and Napoleonic victories. It displays some fine sculptures by David d'Angers.

One of the finest modern buildings of Marseilles is the Palais de Longchamps, to the north of the city. It consists of two square wings used respectively as a picture gallery and a museum, connected by a colonnade in the form of an arc. The whole façade measures 438 feet. The building was erected in 1862-70, at a cost of 4,000,000 francs, and is universally admired for its beauty and originality of design and charming situation. In the centre is a monumental château d'eau with a grand cascade formed by the water from the canal of the Durance. Behind the Palais are the great reservoirs which now render Marseilles, as regards fresh water, one of the best-supplied of French cities. The average of human life was very low in old Marseilles; its dirty streets and foul-smelling harbour poisoned the air. The environs were dry and barren, for the two rivers, the Huveaune and Jarret, are scantily supplied, and occasionally dried up. But the canal of the Durance has brought health to Marseilles, fertilised the fields and gardens, cleansed the streets, and kept the harbour from stagnating with its surplus water.

On the left of the Old Port, above the rocks of Pharo, is the grand château built for Napoleon III., but never inhabited. The château and large costly gardens are now neglected. In the war of 1870-1 it was used as a military hospital.

Of hospitals, infirmaries, asylums, and similar buildings there are several in Marseilles. The vast Hôtel Dieu, rebuilt in 1863-5, occupies the site of a Leproserie dating from 1188. The immense Lazaretto, once so conspicuous in views of Marseilles, founded after the plague of 1720, and which was large enough to accommodate the whole French army on its return from Egypt, was pulled down in 1850. The quarantine establishment was removed to the roadstead of Frioul, formed by connecting with a breakwater the islands of If, Pomègue,

and Ratonneau. It will be remembered that the Lazaretto of Marseilles was, in the days of John Howard, the prison philanthropist, one of the deadliest pest-houses, and therefore one of the places he was most anxious to visit, as it was then the most important establishment of its kind in Europe. But France hated Howard because he had exposed the evils of the prison systems there, and not only was his application for a permit to visit Marseilles refused, but he was peremptorily forbidden to enter France on pain of being sent to the Bastille. Notwithstanding this, disguised as a physician, and under an assumed name, he made his way through many dangers from Paris to Marseilles, and then, though the agents of police were in search for him, and friends urged him to fly, he remained until he had visited the Lazaretto-which even Frenchmen were prohibited from visiting-and obtained plans and drawings. These, together with an account of his minute investigations. into the whole working of the quarantine system, were published in his "Lazarettos in Europe," and led to reformation.

Of the Arsenal, Mint, Lyceum, Observatory, theatres, schools, lighthouses, and other buildings we cannot stay to speak. The markets are curious places in which to watch. Provençal life and manners, especially the Halle Vieille or fish-market.

We have not yet touched on the local industries of Marseilles, which are very extensive. The fishermen are exceedingly numerous, and once formed a powerful corporation. A vast army of labourers finds employment in connection with the harbour and docks. There are large establishments for smelting the ores obtained from Algiers, Spain, and Italy. In lead, Marseilles does more than any other town in France; in 1873 the department produced 13,600 tons. Marseilles also grinds immense quantities of the corn brought to the harbour, transforms seeds and oils into manufactured products, tans skins, and prepares preserved foods and conserves for sailors and travellers. But one of its principal industries is the manufacture of soap, in which for more than a century it has taken the highest rank. Half the soap used in France comes from Marseilles, and quite one-fourth of the sugar used in the country is from the Marseilles refineries.

Marseilles boasts of many distinguished persons amongst its citizens, many of them of local rather than universal fame. In ancient days, besides the two great scientific navigators already referred to, the city produced two learned physicians, Demosthenes and Crinias, the former quoted by Galen, the later by Pliny. Of modern inhabitants we may mention. D'Urfé, author of the once-noted romance called "Astræa;" Father Plumier, the botanist; Puget, the celebrated sculptor and architect; the preacher Mascaron; the grammarian Dumarsais; the inferior poet Dulart; the historian Fabre; the eloquent democrats, Buzot and Barbaroux, conspicuous in the Revolution, and in their turn dying on its scaffold. Last, but decidedly not least, the noted statesman, M. Thiers, was born at 40, Rue des Petits Pères.

Opposite the harbour of Marseilles are the islands of If, Pomègue, and Ratonneau. The quarantine port formed by the breakwater probably marks the site of the Fretum Julium, where the galleys of Cæsar lay under the command of Decius Brutus at the siege of Marseilles. The Château d'If has procured its chief notoriety from Dumas' startling romance of "Monte Christo." It contains a square donjon with four towers built by Francis I. in 1529, (according to some authorities) on the remains of a Roman circus. It was for a long time a state prison, and in it the celebrated Mirabeau was incarcerated.

Approach to Calcutta-History-Drawbacks-The Maidan-Fort William-Government House-The Strand-BazaarsPlaces of Worship-Missionary Memorials-Barrackpore-Serampore. MURSHIDABAD:-The Ancient Capital of Bengal -The Garden of Happiness-Commerce. PATNA. BENARES:-Its Antiquity-Buddhism-The Ghâts-Sacred BullsShrines-Temples and Holy Places-The Monkey Temple-The Burning Ghât-Story of Suttee. ALLAHABAD :-During the Mutiny-Akbar's Fort-A Pilgrim Festival. AGRA:-The Capital of the Mogul Empire-The Citadel of Akbar-The Audience Hall-The Imperial Palace-The Pearl Mosque-The Taj Mahal-Akbar's Tomb at Sikundra. DELHI:-Its Long History-Its Architecture-Palace of Shah Jehan-During the Mutiny. LUCKNOW:-The British Residency-The Imámbára-Recent Improvements. CAWNPORE:-The Massacre-The Memorial Garden. History of the Cities of the

Ganges.

E approach the "City of Palaces" by the river Hooghly, a narrow and dangerous branch of the sacred Ganges. Everywhere there are tokens that we are drawing near to a great city. As we proceed up the river, the villages are larger and more frequent; here and there are detached bungalows, factory chimneys, fishing and trading boats; farther on still, merchantmen lie anchored in the stream, and steamers pass and re-pass, filled with passengers. At the beautiful suburb of Garden Reach, the eye, weary of the low swampy banks and interminable jungle, is refreshed with a profusion of elegant and stately residences in the midst of masses of luxuriant verdure. In front of the ornamental villas, grassy lawns and rich flower-beds slope down to the water's edge; the river, as Calcutta is neared, is crowded with shipping-amongst it some of the finest vessels in the world; and by-and-by the usual landing-place in front of the Maidan is approached. It is a handsome stone esplanade, with a flight of spacious steps leading to the water, which is reached through an arch supported by columns, the scene of many tearful partings and glad re-unions.