an end, do me the honour to accept of this honest tribute

DEGENERATE as human nature is said to be-and in many instances, worthless and unprincipled it is-still there are bright examples to the contrary: examples that, even in the eyes of superior beings, must shed a lustre on the name of Man.

Such an example have I now before me, when you, Sir, came forward to patronise and befriend a distant obscure stranger, merely because poverty had made him helpless, and his British hardihood of mind had provoked the arbitrary wantonness of power. My much esteemed friend, Mr Riddel of Glenriddel, has just read me a paragraph of

* This gentleman most obligingly favoured the Editor with a perfect copy of the original letter, and allowed him to lay it before the public.--It is partly printed in Dr Currie's Edition.

It will be necessary to state, that in consequence of the poet's freedom of remark on public measures, maliciously misrepresented to the Board of Excise, he was represented as actually dismissed from his office. This report induced Mr Erskine to propose a subscription in his favour, which was refused by the poet with that elevation of sentiment that peculiarly characterized his mind, and which is so happily displayed in this letter. See letter to R. Graham of Fintry, Dec. 1792, written by Burns, with even more than his accustomed pathos and eloquence, in further explanation.-Cromek.

a letter he had from you. Accept, Sir, of the silent throb of gratitude; for words would but mock the emotions of my soul.

You have been misinformed as to my final dismission from the Excise; I am still in the service.-Indeed, but for the exertions of a gentleman who must be known to you, Mr Graham of Fintry, a gentleman who has ever been my warm and generous friend, I had, without so much as a hearing, or the slightest previous intimation, been turned adrift, with my helpless family, to all the horrors of want. -Had I had any other resource, probably I might have saved them the trouble of a dismission; but the little money I gained by my publication, is almost every guinea embarked, to save from ruin an only brother, who, though one of the worthiest, is by no means one of the most fortunate of men.

In my defence to their accusations, I said, that whatever might be my sentiments of republics, ancient or modern, as to Britain, I abjured the idea:-That a CONSTITUTION, which, in its original principles, experience had proved to be every way fitted for our happiness in society, it would be insanity to sacrifice to an untried visionary theory :— That, in consideration of my being situated in a department, however humble, immediately in the hands of people in power, I had forborne taking any active part, either personally, or as an author, in the present business of REFORM. But that, where I must declare my sentiments, I would say there existed a system of corruption between the executive power and the representative part of the legislature, which boded no good to our glorious CONSTITUTION; and which every patriotic Briton must wish to see amended.-Some such sentiments as these, I stated in a letter to my generous patron Mr Graham, which he laid before the Board at large; where, it seems, my last remark gave great offence; and one of our supervisors general, a Mr Corbet, was instructed to inquire on the spot, and to document me"that my business was to act, not to think; and that what

ever might be men or measures, it was for me to be silent and obedient."

Mr Corbet was likewise my steady friend; so between Mr Graham and him, I have been partly forgiven; only I understand that all hopes of my getting officially forward, are blasted.

Now, Sir, to the business in which I would more immediately interest you. The partiality of my COUNTRYMEN has brought me forward as a man of genius, and has given me a character to support. In the POET I have avowed manly and independent sentiments, which I trust will be found in the MAN. Reasons of no less weight than the support of a wife and family, have pointed out as the eligible, and situated as I was, the only eligible line of life for me, my present occupation. Still my honest fame is my dearest concern; and a thousand times have I trembled at the idea of those degrading epithets that malice or misrepresentation may affix to my name. I have often, in blasting anticipation, listened to some future hackney scribbler, with the heavy malice of savage stupidity, exulting in his hireling paragraphs-" BURNS, notwithstanding the fanfaronade of independence to be found in his works, and after having been held forth to public view, and to public estimation as a man of some genius, yet, quite destitute of resources within himself to support his borrowed dignity, he dwindled into a paltry exciseman, and slunk out the rest of his insignificant existence in the meanest of pursuits, and among the vilest of mankind."

In your illustrious hands, Sir, permit me to lodge my disavowal and defiance of these slanderous falsehoods. BURNS was a poor man from birth, and an exciseman by necessity but I will say it! the sterling of his honest worth, no poverty could debase, and his independent British mind, oppression might bend, but could not subdue. Have not I, to me, a more precious stake in my country's welfare, than the richest dukedom in it ?—I have a large family of children, and the prospect of many more. I have three

sons, who, I see already, have brought into the world souls ill qualified to inhabit the bodies of SLAVES.— -Can I look tamely on, and see any machination to wrest from them the birthright of my boys,-the little independent BRITONS, in whose veins runs my own blood ?—No! I will not! should my heart's blood stream around my attempt to defend it!

Does any man tell me, that my full efforts can be of no service; and that it does not belong to my humble station to meddle with the concern of a nation?

I can tell him, that it is on such individuals as I, that a nation has to rest, both for the hand of support, and the eye of intelligence. The uninform'd MOB may swell a nation's bulk; and the titled, tinsel, courtly throng, may be its feathered ornament; but the number of those who are elevated enough in life to reason and to reflect, yet low enough to keep clear of the venal contagion of a court !— these are a nation's strength.

I know not how to apologise for the impertinent length of this epistle; but one small request I must ask of you farther-When you have honoured this letter with a perusal, please to commit it to the flames. BURNS, in whose behalf you have so generously interested yourself, I have here, in his native colours, drawn as he is; but should any of the people in whose hands is the very bread he eats, get the least knowledge of the picture, it would ruin the poor BARD for ever!

My poems having just come out in another edition, I beg leave to present you with a copy as a small mark of that high esteem and ardent gratitude, with which I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your deeply indebted,

And ever devoted humble servant,

R. B.*

* "Erskine of Mar gave a copy of the Poet's letter to Cromek, who published it in the 'Reliques:' It was rumoured that Burns was not only admonished by the Board of Excise but ac

No. CCXXXI.

TO MR ROBERT AINSLIE.

April 26, 1793.

I AM terribly out of humour, my dear Ainslie, and that is the reason why I take up my pen to you; 'tis the nearest way (probatum est), to recover my spirits again.

tually dismissed from his situation: this induced Erskine to propose a subscription in his favour, which was refused by the bard with that elevation of sentiment which characterized his mind. It was well that the future Earl of Mar heard the report, since it drew from Burns this truly manly and well considered letterit was all but the latest act of his life to write it down from his

memory among his memoranda. And yet men are not wanting who impeach the accuracy of the poet of these the chief is Mr Findlater, his superior officer in Dumfries at the time. That gentleman eulogizes the conduct of the Board of Excise: avers that the bard received only a gentle-a courteous admonition, and was never for a moment in danger of being dismissed. He has fairly given the lie to the poet, and the question is, to whose statement are we to attach credit. Burns informs Graham that Mitchell had confounded him with the information, that he had received orders to inquire into his political conduct, for he was blamed as a person disaffected to the government. Does Mr Findlater deny that the collector was so commissioned? In the present letter the poet farther says, that but for the interposition of Graham of Fintry, he would have been turned adrift with his helpless family to all the horrors of want: and moreover that he was documented by the Board, that his business was to act, not to think, and that whatever might be men and measures, it was his duty to be silent and obedient.

"Those who contradict the testimony of Burns should do it on better authority than their own assertion: the poet's word will weigh down any other man's, so long as he speaks from his own knowledge. Findlater argues, Burns states facts. The poet is supported by the testimony of Robert Ainslie, to whom all his affairs were known. in a letter to the editor, dated 3rd September, 1834, without being aware that his illustrious friend's assertions were impeached, he says, "You know that the poet was a 'friend of the people' during the days of political ferment in his time a circumstance which impeded his advancement in the excise he never rose higher than the nicked stick,' the badge and implement of a common gauger. The Commissioners of Excise, irritated at his opinions, wrote him a formal official let