we deemed it advisable to gather all the subject." In comparing the safeguards ad tions, and in its "endeavors" to select the necessary, to make the plan a success, the t International Convention of the U. M. W following plans for creating and maintaini

ge disability pension fund is hereby create 40 cents per month per member, which shall : ed and lowered as necessary under the dire rustees hereinafter provided for, but in no ent exceed 50 cents per month per member. essment shall be in full force and operation - 1918.

g fund shall be created by the accumulation or a period of three years from and after A

and after April 1, 1921, all members in g ve reached the age of sixty-five years and v nous members in good standing for a period ately preceding their application for pension a gular monthly assessment to the pension fund ars, whose earning capacities have been reduc ty-five dollars per month, and who have no visil other than their labor, shall be eligible to recei ty dollars per month, payable monthly.

either

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70 and over. In addition there wer pacitated under 60 years of age.

The Committee admits that this is compared with the membership of oth mends the adoption of 65 years of a the payment of pensions.

The Committee accepts the experien graphical Union as a safe guide for t It states that in the latter Union, th 22 pensioners to each 1,000 members, true of their own membership. They the percentage of pensioners in the I. on the increase. And further ignore Union's Executive Committee, sounded while the expenditures on pensions the receipts did not increase to the sa fiscal year there was even a deficit.

The experience of even the firmly tioned fraternal pension systems in these to be very satisfactory insuranc less, this recognition that has promp graphical Union to adopt the followin vention.

"Whereas, The United States of Am in the world (excepting Russia) tha pensions for its worn out and worthy w

"Whereas, The consequent necessity vide their own benefits is a gross inju failure through no fault of the workers

a progress, and in times of war nave alwa e their all, either in the field of active op he burdens of taxation and support, shou and justice rest upon the Government."

nia, for the last decade, the State Federa the most active body urging a state-wide d workers. A bill for this purpose was int n of this Commission, in the 1917 session

g in the ays bee perations

uld as a

ation of

- pension troduced

n of the

of the individual to his non-product
the entire community to the aged.
the aged hardly existed before the
modern problem of old age is a result
tion of production since the industri
patriarchal state old age was reve
looked up to for advice. Where the f
of the old was permanent and con
powers.
The worker in medieval
working as long as he could produ
was obliged to take care of his work
and old age.
Under those conditio
individual provisions against any en
industrial development, the econom
more or less of a permanent chara
usally life-long. The usefulness o
rarely ceased in an agricultural so
taken place.

All this is changed under our m development of industry has deprived upon it under the more primitive I industry at the end of a life of pr and decrepit workers to the scrap hea value. "It is notorious that the in workers with great rapidity. As it human beings. The young, the vigo of limb, the alert of mind, are in d

*The matter of the aged was settled summarily savage tribes used to put their old gentlemen up is ripe shook the trees, and clubbed the aged unfo

the family in modern society which often th o a strange country or community without fri er the age of sixty has been reached, the trans ce to dependence is an easy stage-property y or removed, relatives become few, ambition short years left to live, with death a final and -such conclusions inevitably sweep the wage-ea opeful independent citizens into that of the 1 he modern problem of old age is thus of the inability to find employment combined wer. The old man now finds it difficult to se

vages.

t much of old age poverty is a result of condit r which the individual has no control. Many st not be looked upon as paupers. They are of our civilization," and only created paupers litions. It sounds contradictory, but the effect Elization and the prolongation of life is only to inactivity and, because of the growing compli the working period is also shortened. "Th 1,250,000 former wage-earners who have reach è years in want and are now supported by chari . In round numbers, it is costing this coun r for the support of this great host of wornimate of the extent of aged dependency in Penns ined from the figures presented in other parts

And Its Causes," p. 125.

ge Dependency in the United States," pp. 28-29.