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then, which are drawn from the readiness of young merchants and mechanics to begin business with borrowed capital, and their ability to repay that capital and grow rich afterwards, are inconclusive; for the analogy which they presuppose, does not exist. The young man entering into any secular business, expects to realize not merely a living, but profits to be accumulated; and out of his accumulations he can afford to repay the borrowed capital with which he begins. Not so with the young minister of the Gospel.

His education is not a lucrative investment of capital, so long as he continues in the ministry. Let him turn aside to some secular employment; and as soon as his habits shall have been adjusted to his new business, he will show that his education is worth something, in the commercial sense, and can pay for itself. But in the work of the ministry, he can ordinarily be expected to gain no more than a living.

What then is the effect of this loaning system, on the character and habits of the beneficiary? The question is not what might be, in an isolated case, the effect of loaning money to an individual, to be repaid after he has finished his studies; but what must be the effect of such a system of education, on a body of young men so numerous as to constitute perhaps a moiety of all the expectants of the ministry? Why, the very first lesson which you teach them, when they begin to think of preparing themselves to preach the Gospel, is that the ministry is ordinarily a lucrative employment, affording to those who labor in it, not merely food and raiment and a shelter "convenient for them," but a surplus revenue above all necessary expenditures. Instead of teaching them to renounce at the outset all secular views, and to expect that while their associates of the workshop and the counting

house are growing rich, they are to be all their lives long in a condition of comparative dependence, and are never to get more than their living, you compel them to calculate somewhat on the lucrativeness of the clerical profession. Is this necessity of regarding the ministry as an employment which is to yield something more than a living, likely to have a good influence on those whom you thus train for the sacred work of the ministry? Would it not be better to say to them at the outset, You must not expect that the work of preaching the Gospel will enrich you, or will enable you to pay old debts; it is a self-denying work, and we would have you frame all your expectations accordingly.

But it is thought that to loan money to beneficiaries, and to, hold them under obligation to repay all that they receive, will make them more frugal and careful than if the aid were bestowed as a simple gratuity. Undoubtedly, if you will open a treasury, and allow every one to put his hand in and help himself to as much as he thinks he ought to have, frugality and the dread of unnecessary expense will be no part of their learning, whatever else they may learn. But if the greatest allowance to a beneficiary be always the least that will enable him, with the utmost frugality and with all reasonable exertion, to live from one appropriation to another, certainly there is no better way of teaching him frugality, than to give him that allowance, with the full understanding on his part, that he must live within those means or abandon his studies. "Owe no man any thing but love," saith the Scripture; and so ought the Education Society to say to all its beneficiaries. But instead of this, the whole discipline of the Society now teaches a contrary lesson. Through the whole course of his education, the beneficiary is taught to live upon the future. Run in debt and

fear not, is the first lesson taught him by those great and good men, who founded the patron Society and framed its rules. However alarming and oppressive the idea of being in debt may be at first, the burthen by being long borne and gradually accumulated, sits easy on his conscience. This is not the right way to train a man for the ministry. To be in debt is a dangerous thing for a man's moral sensibilities and moral habits. He who is habitually in debt, is always in danger of thinking lightly of his obligations to his creditors. For more than one reason, the rule of the Methodists, requiring every candidate who applies for admission to the body of their itinerating and ruling clergy, to declare that he is not in debt, is worthy of commendation. The directors of the Education Society have a pretty good security that their beneficiaries will not turn Methodists.

We are told, however, that this loan is of a peculiar character; it is "a paternal loan," and payment is not to be sternly enforced, if the beneficiary is in a situation in which he cannot pay without being distressed. For this very reason it is the worst kind of a loan, in its moral effect on the feelings and habits of the debtor. Debts which are not to be paid, unless it shall be convenient to pay them, are of all debts most likely to eat out a man's integrity. If the benefaction is to be called a loan, let it be a loan in good faith, and let the borrower understand clearly that when the payday comes, payment will be exacted to the last cent, so long as there is any law to compel payment; and the debtor may feel from beginning to end a salutary dread. But this growing debt which is yet no debt, weakens his sense of the obligation of all debts.

And when at last the beneficiary, having completed his preparation, comes forth as a candidate for the Vol. I.

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ministry, what is his position? Under a load of debt, and long instructed to expect that the profits of his profession will soon enable him to pay the debts which have been accumulating for six or eight years, he looks around to see where those profits are to be realized. What is he then? A free minister of Jesus Christ, ready to go wherever he may do good, and able to rise above all secular considerations? No. He is compelled, in conscience, to be a parish-seeker-an inquirer after desirable vacancies. The question with him is, not simply, Where can I do good? but Where can I get a salary large enough to pay my debts? How embarrassing must it be to stand in such a position. How unfavorable to the development of that free, enterprising, self-consecrating spirit, which ought always to characterize the ministry of Christ, and most of all in such a country and such times as ours.

We know there is a pledge that if the beneficiary will go on a mission either to foreign lands, or to the remote and destitute parts of our own country, his obligations to the society shall be cancelled. But is this a good argument to employ with men to make missionaries of them? Does it represent the missionary work in the most attractive and inspiring light? Who wants men to go on missions, as defaulters run to Texas, to get rid of their liabilities? Besides, what shall the man who contemplates the acceptance of this offer, do for the satisfaction of his other creditors? The doctrine of running in debt for an education, taken in connection with the scantiness of the loans made by the society-which are but little more than half enough to support a young man at his studies-has led him to contract other debts in the expectation of being able to pay all out of his salary as a minister. Thus in addition to the five hundred dollars or more which he owes to the society,

he owes another five hundred dollars or less to other friends; and those other friends cannot afford to release him on the single condition of his emigrating. Like Peter, in the prison, he is "bound with two chains," and the offer that one shall be loosed if he will first break the other, can hardly be expected to operate like the summons of the angel" Arise up, quickly"-to the chained apostle. "The chains" will not "fall off his hands" at such a word.

But let him obtain a settlement in a good New England parish. Now he must begin to save from his salary in order to pay his debts. But how is this saving to be made? Go into his study, and you may see. Where are his books? You look around for shelves. Ah! his library can be accommodated without shelves. Here lie his books upon the table. What are they? First, the Bible, in our good old English version. Well, the Bible is the best of books. What next? What helps has he-what apparatus for the critical study of that sacred book which it is his profession and his official duty to interpret and expound? Here is the old Greek Testament which he studied in the grammar school; Robinson's Lexicon he had once, but he sold it when he left the Seminary, hoping to buy another after he had ceased to be a candidate, and he wears the proceeds in the form of a shirt. Meanwhile if he looks into his Greek Testament and cannot remember the meaning of a word, he ascertains its meaning by reverting to the translation. Now for his commentaries. Has he Scott, Henry, or the Comprehensive? Has he Kuinoel, Rosenmueller, or Calvin? None of these. But he has two volumes of Barnes' Notes on the Gospel, which he bought when he was a Sabbath school teacher, and one volume of Hodge on the Romans, in the abridg. ed form, which was given to him, in

the spirit of disinterested benevolence, by an Old School Presbyterian elder. Here, too, is Abbott's Young Christian, and the Life of Harriet Newell, but they belong to the family in which he is a lodger, and have strayed into his room from the parlor below. Where is Dwight's Theology? Where are the Works of Emmons and of either Edwards? How is it that his mind is to be quickened and enlarged by habitual communion with the mighty minds of other days? How is his mind to keep pace with the progress of theological studies? How is he to know what is said and done in the great world ? Does he take the Biblical Repository? No. Does he take the Edinburgh Review, or the North American, or the American Eclectic? Nothing of the kind. He has heard of the New Englander, and his heart has ached to subscribe for it; but no, he is in debt, and he must buy no books till his debts are paid. He takes a newspaper, and the Missionary Herald; sundry pamphlets are sent to him by mail, the postage of which is more than the price of them would have been at a bookstore; and this is all his intellectual aliment. Is this the way in which the pastor of a New England congregation ought to begin his ministry? Why, in a year or two, long before that fatal debt is paid, his mind comes to a dead halt; his habits of study, and his sympathies with the intellectual world, are destroyed; his sermons are commonplace iterations of the ideas which he picked up in the theological lecture-room; his people are disappointed in him, and begin to complain; he begins to be discouraged, and to look about for a better place. So much for the necessity of saving out of a small salary, to pay debts.

Sometimes it is said, let such a minister remain unmarried a few years; and the salary which his people give for the support of a

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family will enable him to throw off his load. But where is the parish that wants its minister to remain unmarried, an object for village coquettes and desponding spinsters to set their caps at ? And is such advice likely to be followed? He who has not bound himself by an irrevocable vow of celibacy, is very apt to be persuaded, as soon as he has a home and an income, that his usefulness as well as his happiness will be promoted by his entering into the family state; and, if his choice is a wise one, we will let others dispute the soundness of his conclusion. But suppose that the subject of matrimony comes into his mind in close connection with the thought of paying his debts, how natural will it be for him to look about him far and near, and perhaps to perform some adventurous journeys, for the sake of finding-not a wife, whose piety and affection and plain good sense, whose kindness and gentleness towards all, and whose habits of industry and thrift, shall make his lowly home the brightest and happiest in the parish, a model house hold-but a wife, whose portion shall relieve him from his embarrassments. What then? We write not for him who needs to ask such questions.

Let us be allowed to hope, then, that in this particular, the rules of the American Education Society will be reformed. Let the beneficiaries hereafter be taught in every practicable way, that a debt is a dreadful thing for him who would serve Christ in the ministry of the Gospel; and if it be possible, let them come forth to their work free from all secular embarrassment. The effect on the spirit and character of the ministry generally, would be invaluable. Let it henceforth be a first principle with us, to educate, if possible, those who

shall "owe no man any thing but love."

It has always been deemed a noble charity to aid the efforts of a youthful mind, striving in the face of poverty, to cultivate its powers and to raise itself into the highest walks of usefulness. This is the charity of the Education Society. John Newton had in his congregation an unfriended young Scotchman, who, having found peace in believing, was moved by a desire to qualify himself for the ministry of peace. The good pastor approving and nurturing that desire, introduced the aspirant after usefulness to John Thornton, and that more than princely merchant sent the young Scotchman, at his own expense, to the University of Cambridge. Suppose now that this were the end of the story. Was it not a generous charity on the part of Newton and Thornton? Had not they a reward in the consciousness of having acted kindly and generously? Might they not read with humble joy, the words of their Sav ior, "Forasmuch as ye have done it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it to me." But who was the beneficiary in that instance? CLAUDIUS BUCHANAN— whose name India, converted to Christ, will hold in thankful remembrance, when the names of Clive and Hastings are effaced from her monuments. Could the reader look into the cheerless apartment of many a young man in our colleges, he might see there a spirit kindred to that of Buchanan, struggling perhaps with discouragements which Buchanan never knew. Could he peruse the catalogue of those whom the Education Society has counted as its sons, he might read there names which the churches and the nations are already learning to pronounce with something of the reverence due to greatness and to goodness.

RESEMBLANCE OF CERTAIN LANGUAGES TO THE

LATIN.

THERE is no closer test of the proximity of two kindred languages, than an attempt by one who is familiarly acquainted with each, to write a paragraph which shall read equally well in either language. Some attempts of this kind have been made in reference to languages cognate with the Latin, which may be regarded as philological curiosities.

1. Italian and Latin.

The great etymological affinity between Italian and Latin, is illustrated by the following lines addressed to Venice, by a citizen of that republic before its fall, which read equally in both languages. It is of course a constrained composition, and serves merely to show the possibility of the thing.

Te saluto, alma Dea, Dea generosa,
O gloria nostra, O Veneta Regina!
In procelloso turbine funesto
Tu regnasti secura; mille membra
Intrepida prostrasti in pugna acerba.
Per te miser non fui, per te non gemo;
Vivo in pace per te. Regna, O beata,
Regna in prospera sorte, in alta pompa,
In augusto splendore, in aurea sede.
Tu serena, tu placida, tu pia,
Tu benigna; tu salva, ama, conserva.

There is also the following wellknown invocation to the Virgin Mary, the lines of which, besides the

words being in both languages, retain the poetical measure in both.

In mare irato, in subita procella,
Invoco te, nostra benigna Stella.

Matthews, (Diary of an Invalid, c. 10,) adds these verses:
Vivo in acerba pena, in mesto orrore,
Quando te non imploro, in te non spero,
Purissima Maria, et in sincero
Te non adoro et in divino ardore.

2. Spanish and Latin.
The Spanish language has a sim-
ilar resemblance to the Latin. But
we are unable to exemplify it.

3. Portuguese and Latin. The following verses which may

be read indifferently as Portuguese or as Latin, evidently prove the very great analogy which these two languages bear to each other. It is a hymn to Saint Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins.

Canto tuas palmas, famosos | canto triumphos,
Ursula, divinos, martyr, concede favores.

Subjectas, sacra nympha, feros animosa tyrannos.
Tu Phoenix vivendo ardes, ardendo triumphas.
Illustres generosa choros das, Ursula, bellas,
Das rosa bella rosas, fortes das sancta columnas.
Aeternos vivas annos, O regia planta!

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