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powers of intelligence, feeling, and will; which powers, though fitted for right action, might be variously affected from diverse causes; might be weakened and impaired, or strengthened and improved; might be more or less depraved in their tendency to wrong action, or more or less corrected in their tendency to right; from causes, too, without the being himself, as well as from his own course of voluntary actions; from causes for which he is not responsible, as well as from those for which he is. With this clear distinction drawn between the powers of the being on the one hand, and his voluntary course of action on the other, the way was clear to harmonize the two grand facts of dependence on God and accountability to him; to reconcile with each other the great departments of the providential government of God and his moral; to represent the certain futurition of all events in the moral kingdom of God, as arising from the wisest arrangement of means on his part to secure the greatest amount of holiness and blessedness, in full consistency with his own sincerity, righteousness, and holiness, and with the good or ill desert of his subjects; to set forth the great facts, stated in the system of grace now in operation over man-of the fall of Adam, the original and total depravity of the race, their insufficiency to recover themselves, the atonement of Jesus, the call of the Gospel, the influence of the Spirit employed as the means of recovery, the renovation and sanctification of the people foreknown and chosen in this eternal plan of operations, the hardness and destruction of the rest-as consistent, throughout, with the grand close of the drama-the summoning of the whole race before God the Judge

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at the last day, and his awarding to each a sentence in righteousness on the basis of what have been his deeds in this life while in the body.

We trust, therefore, that Emmons, whose pure, intellectual ray was so long shining above our horizon, and who has left, in the volumes before us, so many interesting records of that piercing intellect in its researches in the wide field of theology, has performed, during his stay among us, some service for the science; to give clearness to the views of its teachers who minister to the instruction and hopes of their Christian brethren at the sacred altar. His mission has not been in vain, were it marked only with this one deep trace on the theology of the times. Many a servant of Christ has thereby felt his way clear to apostolic simplicity, in calling on sinners to repent and turn in their hearts unto God at once, unshackled by doctrinal hindrances and perplexities. The tide has, long since, set that way; and great is the company of the preachers, and wider and wider is the circle becoming, who herald forth at once the sovereignty of an offended God in bestowing salvation, and his demand on every sinner immediately to repent, with a sincere and understanding heart, and with a free and unfaltering tongue. The stickler for old technics and the pugnacious defender of every word and comma of an ancient formula may, for a while, scare the weak, by crying out heresy and brandishing the knife of excision; but even he and his servile followers are destined to give way before the clear shining of truth, and the swelling current of holy love that is bearing onward the free in Christ, to hasten the world's redemption.

THE CONSTELLATION OF THE CROSS.

EXTRACTED FROM UNPUBLISHED "WANDERINGS ON THE SEAS AND SHORES OF AFRICA."

Ar last, the cold storms which pursued us from Cape Fear, during the opening of our voyage, including nearly the whole of the first fortnight of the new year, had died away; and the still more tedious calms which succeeded them in "the middle passage," had also been followed by the trade winds, under whose welcome impulse we now moved rapidly southward, with a pure air, and a clear sky varied only by light flying clouds, and with a temperature which, though not uncomfortable during the day, was particularly delightful in the brilliant nights of the tropic seas. With the setting of the sun, the bright clouds, which gave so much splendor to the closing day, vanished from the scene, and left the sky all northward, eastward, and westward, without a vapor to veil the stars, which here shone out with a luster and power far beyond all I had ever seen, inspiring an intense delight, as I watched them through many unwearying hours from our narrow deck. The polar star each night sank lower and lower over the nor thern horizon; and the zodiac now passing through the zenith, brought the larger planets, with the moon, by turns directly over our heads, an aspect, to me, novel and imposing; while in the south, new stars, unknown to northern eyes, rose in dazzling beauty to my inquiring view.

Yet several nights passed while I looked in vain for some of those peculiarly interesting constellations near the south pole, which were already above our horizon. For though all the rest of the sky was clear, along the southern quarter, a peculiar dark misty cloud descended across our path, shrouding from

view the long-desired lights of the southern hemisphere. The cloud occupying about fifteen degrees in altitude from the horizon, was just sufficient to hide for some time the magnificent SOUTHERN CROSS, SO richly described by Humboldt, and by Tyerman and Bennet, whose vivid impressions at the sight, so poetically expressed, had long ago led me to anticipate this, as one of the richest rewards of a tropical voyage.

And when, at length, my nights of vain watching and my years of studious hope were requited by the sight of this most glorious object in the created universe, all the circum. stances and incidents seemed wonderfully arranged to impress me not only with gratification at the happy accomplishment of my wishes, and with admiration of the beauty of the spectacle, but also with deeper and farther-reaching feelings of the mor al power of the whole of the strange picture before me in heaven and earth. It was on the evening of Monday, January 23, in about lat. 23° N., and lon. 24° W., that I first obtained a distinct view of the Southern Cross, the form of it being so perfect, that at the very first glance no observer could be mistaken. I saw it standing erect and resplen dent over the dark cloud, in more than imagined beauty and glory, its four large stars arranged in striking order and symmetry, in the form which all Christendom recognizes as the sign of God's infinite love and man's eternal hope; and the rapture I then felt was cheaply purchased by all the sufferings and perils of the voyage then past, or yet before

me.

Many hours I enjoyed the scene and the emotions rising with it; and so through months and years of wanderings that followed, that

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Through that which had been death to many men ;
And made him friends of mountains. With the STARS,
And the quick spirit of the universe,

He held his dialogues; and they did teach
To him the magic of their mystery."

In those wild years of strange adventure, many a dreary night of perilous exposure and of fearful watching, on ocean and land, was solaced by the sight of that beautiful starry cross, standing erect or bending at various angles over the south pole; and I well remember how in one stormy night of ship, wreck, while struggling in darkness and fatigue, to steer a little boat through the roaring waves, against the howling tempest, I "strained my seeking eyes" to catch a glimpse of those same stars, to direct our course due south, away from the breakers of the rocks which threatened to dash us in pieces with the relics of our lost ship. Never was ray of light more welcome than the momentary sight of one of those stars through the driving clouds, as I wiped from my eyes the salt spray and pelting rain that half blinded them. Even now, as that perilous scene recurs, I renew the desperate excitement with which I strove to rouse and cheer our exhausted and despairing boat's crew, and exclaim again, "Pull away, good fellows! I see the cross. We shall soon be clear of all danger."

With such remembrances and associations, the intensity of the feelings I still express, in reviving my first impressions of that remarkable object, will not be thought extrava

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gant; and the extract which I subjoin from the "Personal Narrative” of the philosophic Humboldt, will show that I but shared the emotions of far graver and less excitable observers, and that even my strongest expressions are not overwrought, when compared with others' descriptions.*

"From the time when we entered the torrid zone, we were never wearied with admiring, every night, the beauty of the southern sky, which, as we advanced towards the south, opened new constella

tions to our view. We feel an indescribable sensation when on approaching the equator, and particularly on passing from one hemisphere to the other, we see those stars which we have contemplated from our infancy, progressively sink, and finally disappear. Nothing awakens in the traveler a livelier remembrance of the immense distance by which he is separated from his country, than the aspect of an unknown firmament. The grouping of the stars of the first magnitude, some scattered nebula, rivaling in splendor the milky-way, and tracts of space remarkable for their extreme blackness, give a peculiar physiognomy to the southern sky."

*

*

"The lower regions of the air were loaded with vapors for some days. We saw distinctly, for the first time, the cross of the south only in the night of the 4th and 5th of July, in the sixteenth degree of latitude. It was strongly inclined, and appeared from time to time between the clouds, the center of which, furrowed by uncondensed lightnings, reflected a silver light. If a traveler may be permitted to speak of his personal emotions, I shall add that in this night I saw one of

But even at this my first view of the starry cross, unconscious as I was of subsequent associations with the sight, I seemed to have an almost foreboding interest in it. As our brigantine bounded swiftly over the long swell of the Atlantic, the bowsprit was bowing to the cloud and cross, and the tall mast pointing to the starry crown, which hung above us-known to astronomers as the "Corona Australis"- -a bright constellation, but less conspicuous than that which is familiar to us in our own skies, under the name of the "Northern Crown." A poetical idea, suggested by the descrip

*

*

the reveries of my earliest youth accom-
plished."
"When I studied the heavens, to ac-
quire a knowledge of the stars, impatient
to rove in the equinoctial regions, I could
not raise my eyes toward the starry vault,
without recalling the sublime passage of
Dante, which the most celebrated com-
mentators have applied to this constella-
tion :

Io mi volsi a man destra e posi mente
All' altro polo e vidi quattro stelle
Non viste mai fuor ch' alla prima gente.
Goder parca lo ciel di lor flammelle;
O settentrional vedovo sito

Poi che privato se' di mirar quelle !

*

"The two great stars which mark the summit and foot of the cross, having nearly the same right ascension, it follows hence that the constellation is almost perpendicular at the moment when it passes the meridian. This circumstance is known to every nation that lives within the tropics or in the southern hemisphere. It has been observed at what hour of the night, in different seasons, the cross of the south is erect or inclined. It is a time-piece which advances very regularly four minutes a day; and no other group of stars exhibits to the naked eye, an observation of time so easily made. How often have we heard our guides exclaim in the savannas of Venezuela, or in the desert extending from Truxillo to Lima, Midnight is past;

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tion given in the missionary voy. age of Tyerman and Bennet, came vividly to my mind, and led me to attempt an expression of my feelings in such verse as was within the powers of one unused to this sort of composition. Unmusical and labored as it is, it has to me some interest in having been conceived and composed under the excitement of the actual sight of these objects, though never committed to writing till my return to America, when it was somewhat enlarged and corrected, yet remaining essentially the same as I bore it three years in my memory.

the Cross begins to bend! How often those words reminded us of that affecting scene, where Paul and Virginia, seated near the source of the river of Lantaniers, conversed together, for the last time, and where the old man at the sight of the southern cross, warns them that it is time for them to separate."-Humboldt's "Journey to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent," chap. 3.

"At night, (the sky being clear after much cloudy weather,) for the first time we descried the constellation crux or the cross. The four stars composing this glory of the southern hemisphere, are of large but varying magnitudes, and so placed as readily to associate with the image of the true cross, the lowest being the brightest. Another beautiful constellation attracted our notice, nearly in the zenith. This was the northern crown, in which seven stars brilliantly encircle two thirds of an oval figure. We were reminded-and though the idea may seem fanciful, yet it was pleasing to ourselves amidst the still night, and on the far seathat while we kept in constant view the cross, that cross on which our Savior died for our redemption, we might venture to hope that the crown, the crown of life, which the Lord the righteous judge' hath promised to give to all them that love his appearing, might be bestowed upon us in that day.' -Tyerman and Bennet; "Journal of Voyages and Travels," chap. 1.

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THE CLOUD, THE CROSS, THE CROWN.

Low hanging o'er my ocean-path,

To that dark land and martyrs' tomb,
Far lours a CLOUD, dim-boding wrath,
In nightly-gathering, deepening gloom,
But o'er it, pure from airy dross,

Heav'n's silvery light comes clearly down;
Above the cloud I see the Cross,

Above the cross, the starry CROWN.

Hail! glory of the southern skies!

Erst beamed in light far less divine
On the first Christian Cæsar's eyes,

His triumph's pledge and "conquest's sign:❞—
Brief flash!-perhaps a fabling gloss

To lend earth's empire-wreath renown;

But here the EVERLASTING cross

Points ever to the HEAVENLY crown.

With cross on staff and sword and breast,
Of old, crusading pilgrim bands
Won for the heroes of the West

The gorgeous crowns of Orient lands.*
Their "glories gone,"—now dust and moss
Shroud their tombed thrones in ruin brown,
While here above the bright "true cross"
Christ's faith-armed warriors see their crown.

The cross," a graven image," stands,
The snare and shame of Christendom,

On dome, tower, spire, through thousand lands,
From Peru to Jerusalem.

Its gold-shrined form oft gems emboss

Worshiped alike by king and clown:-
Idolaters!-behold the cross,

Heav'n-shrined, star-gemmed, which God doth crown.

Unknown for ages, now it wins
The eyes of millions to adore :
"Midnight is past; the Cross begins
To bend" o'er AFRICA's dark shore.
Yields to white robe the vile kaross,
And groveling kraalt to spiry town:
The southern world beneath the cross
Awakes to hail its king and crown.

Godfrey, Baldwin, Guy de Lusignan, and Conrade, kings of Jerusalem,—Guy, &c. kings of Cyprus,-Bohemond, prince of Antioch, William, prince-archbishop of Tyre,—Baldwin I and II, emperors of Constantinople, &c. &c.

Kaross,-the name of the filthy scanty dress of the wild natives of South Africa. Kraul, South African village, a circle of oven-like huts.

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