disgrace; she was told that both had perished ple provisions were brought into the city for the during a storm on board the frigate in which they support of the numerous garrison; the forts were served. Little did she reflect how improbable the filled with men, artillery and ammunition; the story was, for with her sons she had lost the con-arsenal was transformed into a citadel and every trol of her mind. measure taken to keep the rebellious city in subA catastrophe like this, falling upon an illus-jection. The people also prepared, quietly, sitrious family, endeared to the people by signal lently, but with undaunted energy. Leaders services and private virtues, could not fail to have were chosen, a secret government established, its effect on the nation. Such misfortune gives laws and rules for common action agreed upon. an almost sacred character to those whom God Ten or twelve men, belonging to different parchastises so severely, and the Venetian nobleman ishes exercised an almost absolute authority, became once more the pride of the State, the their word was law; and a few moments suffiidol of the people. The noble deeds of their ced to send their orders to the most remote suancestors were proudly enumerated, and the tri-burbs. Had the governor with his aids taken a umphs and victories of the Republic rose once walk on this side of the Lido, it was found the more in brilliant colors before the ever active next day to be completely deserted and the whole fancy of those who had for many years already population assembled at the opposite end. If lived in the Past alone, cut off, as they were, Austrian officers appeared at the theatre, five from the continent by their insular position and minutes sufficed to leave them sole occupants of the jealous policy of their tyrannic masters. the house. The use of cigars was repudiated, The excitement soon grew to such a height, because government taxed them; even the fathat it needed only one of those paltry incidents vorite lotto was left by its most constant votawhich former historians and short-sighted con- ries, as a source of revenue to the administratemporaries look upon as the causes of great tion. The last palace of a Venetian nobleman revolutions, to lead to a general rising. It is a closed its massive doors against the foreigner, faet strikingly characteristic of the Venetian and and Austrian and Venetian waited only for an his hot blood, that not a word fell, not a threat-excuse to measure each other's hatred. ening gesture was seen-but people and soldiers, This excuse came with the news of the revothe passionate children of the soil and the brutal lution of Vienna and of the grant of a constituhirelings of Austria merely measured each other with challenging looks, and the moment after, the bayonets were lowered, stones flew in all directions, several citizens fell, and the combat ceased There was a busy scene on the following mornonly when the last purple ray of the setting sun ing on the place of San Marco, along the quay gilded the graceful belfry near the San Marco. of the Sclavonians and up to the world-known But the struggle was only begun; Austria dis- Rialto bridge. And a strange, excited crowd it played a truly formidable army to hold the rising was. Here were Mauretti, the descendants of city in subjection, and the two leaders of the peo- the Moor, with the dark complexion and the ple were thrown into the dark dungeons of those finely cut features of their forefathers, speaking ancient prisons in which so many thousands have eagerly in deep guttural tones; there an Armeperished. Manin, an advocate, distinguished by nian, with his high cone of black lamb's wool, his talents and probity, had often already won strode gravely and haughtily through a group of the admiration of his countrymen by his brilliant half-naked fishermen with gigantic, bronzed chests and energetic eloquence: while his warm, pure and the true Phrygian cap on their black curls, patriotism had gained him their hearts and their accompanying their shrill, piercing vociferations gratitude. Tommaseo, born in Dalmatia, is not with violent, but ever expressive gestures. On only like Manin, an orator and a patriot: he is the great square, right under the shadow of gloalso a profound thinker, and an author of high rious old San Marco, stood a motley group in distinction. Piety without intolerance, a lively which all costumes seemed mixed, all tongues were and poetic imagination, and vast learning are heard and all races represented; still the fair sons united in him with a noble, lofty character. It of the Occident in the wretched costume of the had been his well-deserved good fortune to choose day, the swarthy man of the Levant, the pasfor his most successful public performances in- sionate Sicilian, his dagger never leaving his terests most dear to the people and his advoca- hand, and the subtile, cunning Venetian himself cy of the liberty of the press made him at once with his graceful dignity—all were animated by the favorite of all Venice. the same feeling, all were ready to share the

tion. The governor proclaimed it at the theatre ; one voice called out-long life to Ferdinand ! and the people answered with cheers for Italy!

With the arrest of these two men, the strug | same danger. gle began. Both parties prepared for the crisis Cries of Manin! and Tommaseo! were heard; which they felt was inevitable. More than am-the crowd increased constantly, the cries became

more and more passionate, the current carried crowd-and still but one man had fallen! Mirathe mass slowly before the prison, powerful arms cle! miracle! was heard on all sides; God himwere raised against its massive doors-and the self had declared for his people, the Virgin still falling gates displayed the jailers trembling be- loved her faithful children. The enthusiasm rose fore their prisoners whom they implored for pro- to heroism; women, fair and feeble, young chiltection! The people had found their leaders, dren, ladies of high rank and lofty station began and blow followed upon blow. They demanded with eager hands to loosen and accumulate rough, at first only the proclamation of the constitution heavy stones. They were the only arms of the which the fugitive Emperor had reluctantly people. The Croats fired and charged again; granted. They appeared before the palace of the people, maddened and infuriated, drove them the governor, Count Palfy, a man whose sincere into the palace and then quietly dispersed. attachment to the cause of absolutism had been But they dispersed only to meet again. When rendered more tolerant by the discreet piety of dark night covered the Adriatic and the huge his fair and beloved wife. Like an angel of masses of the grim, old palaces cast mystic shamercy and peace, she had often stood between dows on public square and canal, gondolas were him and the people he was called upon to gov-seen gliding stealthily along, and men, in their ern, and if they did not love him as they revered large cloaks, hastened towards the Giudecca. her, they at least respected his consistency and There stood a solitary house on the lonely coast, were thankful for his moderation. He was ta- and the pale, young moon threw a melancholy ken by surprise : deputation after deputation ap- light on the delicate tracery of its ogive winpeared before him; his house was surrounded dows, when shadow after shadow noiselessly by an excited, passionate crowd and—he yielded. passed from the canal up to the carved door and But here, as everywhere, the fatal words were after exchanging a few mysterious words, disapheard, "It is too late!" Hardly had so much peared under the massive portal. Within were been obtained when a stentorian voice rose high assembled the leaders of the people and there it above the tumult, "Down with the government!" was determined that Venice should be free once and a thousand voices took it up, until echo repeat- more and the next morning's sun should greet ed it from shore to shore, up the long canals to the winged lion of the Republic on San Marco's the firm land, down the lagunes to the fair Adri-time-honored walls.

atic. It appealed to all the passions, it re-awa- The word had been given and with the dawn kened all the long pent-up wrath of a free people of morning the arsenal was surrounded by thouheld in base subjection. It was no longer illu-sands and thousands. It is a city in the city, the sory concessions they asked for: it was the great Arsenal of Venice, and a citadel that Venice and struggle between Italy and Austria, between Austria both thought almost impregnable. With the oppressed and the oppressor, which began on a new scene, in old, republican Venice!

Large, compact masses crowded around the palace, windows and balconies were filled with women and children, and from the depth of the black gondola that lay sleeping on the dark waters, from the height of the pillars of the Procuratie, from the desolate but still gorgeous palace and the despised Jew's hut arose the one mighty cry, "Abasso il governo!" But on the large steps of the palace bayonets began to glitter in the sunshine, fierce Croats twisted their huge moustaches, looking contemptuously at the unarmed crowd beneath them, and tall, muscular grenadiers slowly ranged themselves at the foot of the great portal. The cries only redoubled in number and violence. In vain did the roll of the drum—in vain did the shrill blast of the trumpet warn the multitude to withdraw: the open breast of the Venetian almost touched the German's bayonet, and yet he repeated the ominous words and looked defiance. The command was given; a sudden discharge of musketry, a few light clouds rising in the clear atmosphere, three hundred balls had been sent right into the dense

it all was gained; without it every thing to be feared. But what was the disappointment when at the first summons the huge gates slowly turned and the people were admitted without resistance! The victory was too easy to satisfy the excited multitude. With eager cries they began to call the name of the man whom of all Austrians they hated most—who of all foreigners most deserved such hatred, Colonel Marinovich, the commandant of the arsenal.

It was not merely the German, the oppressor, the ever ready agent of tyranny whom they thus hated; there was a deeper feeling and a purer one, that made them detest him. He had been the governor of one of Austria's fairest sonsthe Archduke Frederick-whose noble soul and youthful, generous heart had won for him the love of all who knew him, the gratitude and admiration of all Venice. But the unhappy Archduke had conceived a passion for the fair daughter of a simple Count and incurred the displeasure of his august parents. So they sent him away and compelled him by threats and promises to bind himself by sacred vows as a knight of Malta to eternal celibacy. There was deep grief in his

heart and sorrow blanched his cheek. But Ma- | Count Zichy, and demanded his immediate derinovich was a faithful jailer and day and night parture. He, too, was well known but much bethe young, unfortunate prince saw himself watch-loved by the Venetians. Long years ago he had ed, followed, and even his friends exposed to the seen and loved a daughter of the people of Lomsame disgraceful espionage. His noble heart bardy, the flower of the land and endowed with could ill brook such ignoble treatment: with the the beauty that inspired the Leonardos and Luifirst days of spring his love had begun to unfold nis of by-gone days. With him all threats were itself, the rough blast of winter withered the in vain, all remonstrances lost and happy in her flowers the maiden of Venice had strewn on his and through her, he had for twenty years lived grave! among the brethren of his beloved wife, and For the people of Venice had read in his pale found a second fatherland in Italy. At this features and his mournful eye what the fair youth critical moment also, as ever, she stood at his side of twenty had suffered in his soul: they had felt and joined in the prayer of her countrymen. with the poetic instinct peculiar to them the an- Deep emotion overwhelmed him; the memory guish that tore his bleeding heart and they hated of long, happy years spent in that Italy which the man whom they held responsible for the pre-now from his lips expected peace or war, rose bemature death of their beloved prince. And fore him. "I might," he said to the delegates of when he returned hatred for hatred and spared the people, with pale features and deeply moved not the rod on those he governed, when he pun-voice, "I might fill your canals with blood; I shall ished inhumanly the slightest mistake, and at last not do it. You ask me to leave Venice; it is drove the honest workmen from the arsenal and my death-warrant you demand. Be it so. May replaced them by convicts in chains, then the Italy remember that I pay her my debt of gratiexasperation of the Venetians knew no longer tude and when she curses the name of the Gerany bounds and they swore revenge. man may she except mine!"*

penetrable cordon, and Radetzky has sworn that he, the Sclavonian, will yet be master of the city in which his race has ever been welcomed as a brother.

And a fearful revenge it was! With fierce On that day Venice was a Republic once more, cries, with curses and imprecations taken from Manin its president, Tommaseo its prime minall creeds, with bloodshot eye and dagger in ister and the banner of San Marco floated trihand they hurried through the labyrinth of pas-umphantly over "land and sea!" And whilst sages that fill the strange old building. Hall after Turin hesitated and wavered, whilst even Florhall, room after room was invaded, searched and ence capitulated and preferred temporizing meaevery disappointment increased their rage. At sures to bold resolution, Venice has been free; last one of the foremost seized a man in the act and free even in fetters. For the Austrians have of passing through a secret door; with powerful surrounded her by land at least with a close, imhand he turns him, and when he sees the hated commandant, buries his stiletto in his breast. The wound was mortal; still two officers who had hastened to their chief succeeded, before the infuriated mob approached, in snatching him up and carrying him, with the power of despair, to the top of a lofty steeple, where they hoped to have found an inaccessible asylum. But a pack of hounds could not more eagerly follow their track than the eager crowd traced the blood of their victim from step to step. Exhausted by the loss of blood, by approaching death, Marinovich was torn from the arms of his friends and dragged from room to room and court to court until his murderers were tired of insulting a corpse.

Little, however, does Venice look as if she were threatened by an army, the flower of Austria's warlike populations; little does the square of San Marco show that without her walls there are thousands of Tyrolian sharp-shooters waiting in ambush with their never-erring rifle, that no harmless peasant is seen within miles of the beleaguered city without being surrounded by the fleet squadrons of Hungarian hussars, whilst the far-famed batteries of Austrian artillery pour night and day a murderous fire into the bastions At this instant Manin appeared before the ar- of the suburbs. There is a proud consciousness senal and such was the power of his influence, of undaunted courage on the brow of the Vesuch the respect in which he was held that a few netian as he steps towards the Lido and sees words sufficed to lay the storm and to appease the banner of the Republic float proudly in the the blood-thirsty multitude. Hardly were they breeze. For there is confidence at home and calmed when the preconcerted cry: hurrah for trusty friends are helping afar. Month after the Republic! was heard and whilst some forty month has passed and not a foot of their territory young men threw themselves into their boats to take the detached forts, which surround Venice and which surrendered after a short fire, the people assembled before the house of the governor,

has been lost; peace and security reign within her low but inexpugnable walls, and an enthu

He was condemned to death.

siasm equal only to their heroic courage inspires enemies, and no heart, that ever beat for all that young and old. Sacrifices, it is true, had to be is most noble and generous, that ever throbbed made; but for their sacred cause they willingly with love for the sacred cause of liberty, can fail renounced everything. Earthenware and iron to join in the pious prayer of the Venetian, riscutlery have taken the place of costly plate; ing from their altars at Church and at home and satin and velvets have been exchanged for stout inscribed on their as yet victorious banners, that linen and cheap cotton; jewelry has become a "God may reward their constancy !"* disgrace, and ornaments a reproach. Men, whose only life-long occupation had been the pursuit of * Dio premierà la constanza. pleasure, perform the arduous duty of private soldiers, old men have drawn forth their rusty weapons and children are seen to practise wielding arms they can hardly yet lift. Ladies, high

Child of the east, radiant as the new-born day,
Glorious daughter of Palmyra-City of the Sun,
Queen of the desert-pure as the limpid stream in the val-
ley of the Blessed-

Fain would I tune my harp to thy praise,
And on the thrilling strings of Harmony,
Sing of the well-garnished "store-house of the mind,"
And of the "symmetry of thy form and feature”—
Bright and fair as a Georgian's in her early bloom.
Mind-the eternal Diamond of the Soul-
Sparkled pure as heaven 'midst the jewels of thy heart,
And naught dimmed the splendor of its rays

Save the burning fire of Ambition.
Not content with the marbled halls of thy templed City,
Nor hearkening to the words of wisdom from the great
Longinus,

tion"

ed her legions,

Glittering in pomp and pride upon thy burning plain;
But not yet filled to overflowing was thy bitter cup of woe!
And ere they left that fatal field, Palmyra was no more.
A captive and in triumph wast thou borne to the Seven-
hilled City of thine adversary,

and noble ladies, make garments for the warrior TO ZENOBIA, QUEEN OF PALMYRA. and nurse the wounded; women, meek and gentle, carry stones to the barricades and, with timid hand, aim the cannon of the deserted walls against the enemy's lines. The churches are filled from noon till night with those who can do no more than pray for the freedom of their country and the lives of their brethren, and the holy chant rises without interruption, day after day, to Him whose strong hand alone can save their beloved city from ruin. Chiefs, renowned for bravery and skill, generals like Durando, Zucchi and Pepe, are ever seen where danger is greatest and aid most needed, and the Crusaders, as the people of Italy have named them, seem to defy the weak nature of man. Warriors under the same sacred banner, they fight side by side, the free, Thou rushed headlong upon "the torrid desert of Ambiproud Venetian, and he, who to defend the great And sought in thine evil hour with outstretched hands city, has left the beautiful banks of Sorrento or To grasp the golden sceptre of thy foe. the wild gorges of Calabria; daily do the enthu-Fatal was that hour!-for soon the Seven-hilled City poursiastic Frenchman and the fanatic Pole risk their lives a hundred times for the glorious cause of liberty. Assistance is given and more yet promised by the sister States of Italy; Turin has granted 800,000 francs a month for the bold defenders of Venice; Rome has sent troops and generals, and little Ancona has given a warsteamer as a New-year's present to strengthen the navy of Venice. For with an energy, perhaps unparalleled in the history of modern times, the Venetians at once set about to create a navy of their own and whilst Germany was still debating what were to be the colors of her flag, Venice had two thousand patriotic workmen in her docks, and frigates and brigs arose, as by magic, to se- To lowest depths of woe. cure her once more the dominion over the Adri- Tempered is the punishment to the act of the transgressor, atic. Thus they were enabled to obtain provis-But bitter, far too bitter was thy fate, Oh, fallen Queen! ions by means of vessels belonging to friendly Thy mind-clear as the dayspring on High, powers, and Austria, who loses thousands by the life; malaria of the swamps and lowlands which connect the city with the firm land, sees, with bitter envy, the flags of all nations bring succor to her rebellious subjects. For the sacred cause has found friends all over Europe; the noble courage, the unabating enthusiasm of the Venetian have won the sympathy and admiration of even her

cace

And there-arrayed in the splendid jewels of thy car
brilliant throne;

And chained in mockery with thy once prized golden links—
Thou wert made to walk with thy weary feet
Step by step along the crowded streets of ancient Rome.
Whilst gazed the people on thy rare and splendid beauty,
And uncovered stood in honor of thy former glories;
Full many an eye the burning tear-drop shed,
Whom Ambition's luring scenes had hurled from Fame's
And many a heart turned sick and pitied her
proud heights

And pure as the murmuring stream from the Fountain c

Thy person-rare in beauty as the loveliest flower of Eder,
And thine honor, spotless as the crystal snow on Dian's te
ple-

Thou should'st have been to the faint and weary
Instead of which, oh Queen, where now is thy vaunted
A beacon-star on the pathway of Heaven.

strength,

Where now thy jewelled throne?

Swept as a thing of naught from out their sterile plain,
Thy city, thy glory and thy throne have passed away for-

ever

Leaving but the dim reflection of their meteor light,
As eternal warnings on the devious highway of Ambition.

THE NEW PYTHAGOREAN.

CHAPTER THIRD.

E. T.

green of their evergreen foliage. Like the cheeks of the vampire, they seem to triumph over winter and desolation, in retaining still that color which is the livery of summer and of Nature's life; and which has doubtless been chosen for that livery on account of its gratefulness to the eye, and may it not be added, on account of its mysterious charm for the spirit of man. A writer of very great genius locates one of the most fearful crimes which his own or any other pages unfold, under a "bare, wan and giant-like tree" surrounded by a ghastly wilderness and dead hedges. Who can tell what would be the social character of the men of this earth, if for one half-century, summer should fail to give foliage to the woods and flowers to the earth, leaving the trees gaunt and unsightly, the gardens unadorned?

Accounts which seem entitled to credit say that sometimes the dead, in what is called the vampire state, are found, weeks and months after interment, with undecayed flesh, cheeks of lifelike color, the old skin sloughing off like that of In regions where the pine groves are lofty and a serpent in early summer, and new and fresh of uniform height, scenery is sometimes to be skin forming underneath, as if the body were met with, which, if we saw things at home with preparing to come out of the grave for another as deep a spirit as we dream of things afar away, life on earth, or as if some mysterious power of would probably be thought not to yield to “Arnature were sporting in images of resurrection, cadia's rocks and pines" in power over certain in types and shadows of the future history of the emotions of the mind. The flooring in such a grave. Perhaps this is a mere superstition. If grove is more uniform than in other woods as it it is not, it is one of the many things in heaven is covered with the spears of the foliage which and earth yet not more than "dreamed of in our has fallen. And when in addition it is carpeted philosophy"-a mysterious vis vivida able to ex-with pure snow, and gleams of sunshine, on days ist still in the house of death; a strange power fairer and far more blessed than was made by that can beard the old Stygian lion, corruption, that grand "Sun of Austerlitz" which so deeply in his very den. May it not be regarded as a impressed the mind of the French Cæsar all his just emblem of some of our Piedmont land-after life, mingle with the canopy above, making scapes?—In these landscapes the parts of many a rich vault of green and gold, and then fall a hill-side which are not furrowed with ghastly sparkling on the floor of snow, and pour the varred gullies, are covered with ash-colored and nish of an ineffably soft golden light over its surworthless grass, which "withereth before it face of pearl, it is a scene fit for brighter beings groweth up; wherewith the mower filleth not than we; suggesting thoughts of things not rehis hand nor he that bindeth sheaves his bosom." alized in this life; perhaps a fit place of conclave The slight waves into which it is indented by the for those pure visiters of earth which a dreaming winds of autumn, seem as grinning mockeries of poet has described, apparently with some such the waves of golden grain to be seen in other scene in imaginary view: fields far away. Its complexion is that of the old skin of the dead. Too often there are no signs of the new robes of green springing up at its roots. Too often it is the mere and only robe of an unreviving decay. Not spring with all the revelry of the days of vegetable resurrection, nor the sunshine of May and June, nor the showers of mid-summer, which seem almost to gladden the earth to its core, can awake in it the greenness of life. Such fields are desolate indeed when skirted and spotted with ragged thickets of dwarf oak and pine. But in some regions the pines have ceased to be dwarfs. They stand as uniform in height as if they were a harvest growing to be reaped by the scythe of some Titan or son of Anak. Even in the desolation of winter there is an indescribable charm in the deep

VOL. XV-27

"Look! look! in the shade of that grand old tree,
What a glorious group is collected there,
Who move like the streamers of light which we see
In Aurora's strange night-scenes in northern air.

Or like winter-day sunbeams at noon in the grove,
As they reach through the boughs to the snow beneath;
Or as dreaming we image the spirits of love
Whom the light and the glory of heaven enwreathe.

As men in Elysium enchanted, they stand,

And their forms seem the models of heroes sublime,
Their faces how radiant! how peerlessly grand,
And their bearing how nobler than beings of time!

For they are indeed spirits who here had their birth

And were righteous, and now live in glory above,
Whom heaven has allowed to revisit the earth,
And enquire for awhile of its light and its love.