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223-defeats him at Sellasia, 222-d.

220.

ANTIGONUS set up by Pacorus as k. of Judæa, B.C. 40-sent by Sossius a prisoner to Rome, 38-put to death, 37. ANTIGONUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 292 and 288. ANTIGUA, West Indian Island, first settled, 1632.

"ANTI-JACOBIN," the, commenced by Geo. Canning and his friends, 1797.

ANTI-JACOBIN Review, edited by John Gifford, 1806.

ANTI-JESUIT controversy, afterwards called Jansenist; pope Clement VIII. attempts to settle it, 1597. ANTILOCHIDES, Athenian archon, B.C. 435. ANTIMACHUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 772. ANTIMACHUS, the poet of Colophon, fi. B.C.

405.

ANTI-MONASTIC spirit spreads in Italy, 1776.

ANTINÖEION, the name given by Pancrates, in honour of Antinous, to the red lotus, 130.

ANTINOMIAN doctrines discussed by Luther and Agricola of Eisleben, 1538-40 -controversy revived in England, 1690. ANTINOPOLIS, in Thebais, built by Hadrian in memory of his favourite, Antinous, 130. ANTINOUS, the favourite of Hadrian, drowned in the Nile, Oct. 30, 130. See ANTINOEION, and ANTINOPOLIS. ANTIOCH, a city of Syria, built by Seleucus Nicator, for his residence, B.C. 300battle of; Alexander Bala slain by Demetrius Nicator, 146-Germanicus dies at, Oct. 9, A.D. 19-arrival of disciples who fled from Jerusalem, after the martyrdom of Stephen, 35-their doctrines are first taught to the Gentiles by some men of Cyprus and Cyrene, who produce so great an impression, that Saul and Barnabas come to inquire into it, 36after a year's conference, the believers take the name of Christians, and the first Greek Christian church is founded, 37-Saul and Barnabas return to Antioch, and are sent forth by the new church to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles, 38.

The Olympic games celebrated at, 44 -Euodius, first bishop. See ANTIOCH, bishops of. Trajan, on his march to the East, winters there, 114-a destructive earthquake at, 115-L. Verus, colleague of M. Aurelius, resides there during the war in the East, 163-Olympic games celebrated at, 212-surprised and pillaged by the Persians, 262council of, to oppose the doctrines of Paul of Samosata, 264-taken from Zenobia by Aurelian, 272.

Revolt of Eugenius suppressed by

the inhabitants, 303-a synod held by the Arians, 328-decree issued by Constantius II. prohibiting marriage between uncles and nieces, Mar. 31, 339 synod of, assents to an Arian creed, deposes Athanasius, and appoints Gregory, bp. of Alexandria, 341- the Cæsar Gallus, gov. of the East, 351visit of Libanius, 352-massacre of the proconsul Theophilus, 353-a synod deposes Meletius, and appoints Euzoius bp., 361--contest between Paulinus and Meletius-orations of Libanius, 362 -a synod held by Meletius, 363-persecution of magic by the emperor Valens, 372-a council of, deposes all Arian bishops, 380-Chrysostom ordained deacon at, 381-contests of rival bishops; violent tumults, and the statues of Theodosius are thrown down; his anger appeased, 387.

Nestorius retires into a monastery at Antioch, 431 another fatal earthquake, 458-bloody encounters of the circus-factions, 507 - these disorders cause an ordinance which puts a stop to the Olympic games at Antioch, 520 -an earthquake begins, Oct. 525, and continues till the following May-another violent earthquake, 528-taken by Chosroes, 540- earthquake, 554-the Jews of Antioch attack the Christians, and kill the bp. Anastasius; the see remains vacant nineteen years, 610--surrenders to the Saracens, 638.

Recovered by the Greek emperor, 966 taken by Soliman, sultan of Iconium, which involves him in war with Thuthusch, 1086 - besieged by the Crusaders, Oct. 21, 1097-surrenders, June 3, 1098-a Latin principality, under Bohemond, 1099-claimed by Alexius Comnenus, 1106-Tancred dies there, 1112-battle of; the Turks defeated by Baldwin II., k. of Jerusalem, and the Knights Hospitallers, 1119 given to Raymond of Poitiers, -claimed by Roger, k. of Sicily, and attacked by the emperor John II., who is repulsed, 1137 he prepares another attack, which is stopped by his death, 1143-distress of the wreck of the emperor Frederic Barbarossa's army at Antioch, when conducted there after his death by his son Frederic, duke of Swabia, 1190-Antioch taken by the Mameluke Bibars, 1268-by Ibrahim Pasha, 1832.

ANTIOCH, MUNDANE ERA OF, commenced 5492 years B.C.

GRECIAN, or SELEUCIDAN ERA OF (called by some ALEXANDRIAN) commenced, Sept. 1, B.C. 132 (Olymp. 117, 1;

A.U.C. 442) from the taking of Babylon by Seleucus Nicator. ANTIOCH, POMPEIAN EPOCH OF, B.C. 64, when Pompey drove Tigranes out of Syria.

CESAREAN ERA OF, B.C. 48; A.U.C. 706-reckoned by the Greeks from B.C. 49; A.U.C. 705 to commemorate the battle of Pharsalia; this era is in general use by Evagrius and others.

AUGUSTAN EPOCH OF, from B.C. 31, A.U.C. 723, to commemorate the battle of Actium.

ANTIOCH, bishops of:

1. Euodius; time uncertain, but supposed to be A.D. 43.

2. Ignatius; probably 70-accused before Trajan, sent to Rome, and killed by wild beasts in the amphitheatre, 115. 3. Heros, 115.

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33. Euzoins, 361-appointed by Constan tius, maintains the Meletian schism, till his death, in 376.

34. Paulinus III., 362-a third rival bp. 35. Dorotheus, 376-Arian, appointed by Valens on the death of Euzoius-deposed, 378-d. 407.

36. Flavianus, 381-succeeds Meletiusrefuses to concur in the proceedings against Chrysostom, 403-d. 404. 37. Porphyrius, 404. 28. Alexander, 413. 39. Theodotus, 420. 40. Joannes I., 429.

41. Domnus II., 442- deposed by the "Robber Synod," of Ephesus, 449. 42. Maximus II., 449.

43. Basilius, 456.

44. Acacius, 458. See ACACIUS. 45. Martyrius, 459-resigns on account of the troubles created by Peter the Fuller, 471.

46. Julianus, 471.

47. Peter the Fuller, 476-expelled, 477 -restored, 485-d. 488.

48. Joannes II., 477-expelled, 478. 49. Stephen II., 478.

50. Stephen III., 480-killed, 481. 51. Calandio, 481-expelled, 485. 52. Palladius, 488.

53. Flavianus II., 498-deposed by Anastasius, and banished to Petra, 512.

54. Severus, 512-deposed by Justin I., and condemned to have his tongue cut out, 519.

55. Paulus II., 519-abdicates, 521. 56. Euphrasius, 521 - perishes in the earthquake, 526.

57. Ephraimius, 527. 58. Dominus III., 545.

59. Anastasius I., 559-deposed and banished by Justin II., 570-restored by Maurice, 593-d. 599.

60. Gregorius, friend of Evagrius, 570— d. 593.

61. Anastasius II., 599-slain by the Jews, 610. The see remains vacant, and Christianity yields to Mohammedanism, 638.

ANTIOCHENUS, George, the Sicilian admiral, anchors his fleet before CP., and plunders its vicinity, 1148-rescues Louis VII. of France from the Greeks, 1149. ANTIOCHIANUS, consul of Rome, 270. ANTIOCHIS. See ARIARATHES IV. ANTIOCHUS I., Soter, son of Seleucus Nicator, receives Upper Asia from his father, B.C. 294-on his father's death, becomes k. of all Syria, 280-unsuccessful in his war against Nicomedes of Bithynia, 278-patronizes Berosus, 276supports Magas of Cyrene in his war with Ptolemy Philadelphus, 264-de

feated by Eumenes, near Sardis, 263killed in battle with the Galatians, 261. ANTIOCHUS II., Theus, son of Antiochus I., k. of Syria, B.C. 261-repudiates Laodice, and marries Berenice, 249-divorces Berenice, and is poisoned by Laodice, 216.

ANTIOCHUS III., the Great, brother of Seleucus Ceraunus, k. of Syria, B.C. 223makes war on Ptolemy Philopater, k. of Egypt, and conquers Palestine, 218-defeated, and stripped of his conquests, 217 -assisted by Attalus, k. of Pergamus, quells the rebellion of Achæus, in Lydia, 216-14-attacks the Parthians and Bactrians, 212-recognizes the independence of Parthia, 210-endeavours to dismember Egypt by war, 205-defeats Scopas, and the Etolian allies of Egypt, at Panium, and conquers Coelo-Syria and Palestine, 198-seizes the Thracian Chersonesus, 196-receives Hannibal, who endeavours to reform the Syrian army and its tactics, 195-marries his daughter, Cleopatra, to Ptolemy Epiphanes, and restores to him Coelo-Syria and Palestine, 193-enters Greece, 192 defeated at Thermopylæ, his fleet destroyed, he returns into Phrygia, 191defeated by L. Scipio, at Magnesia, 190 -makes peace with the Romans, and resigns to them all Asia Minor, from the Taurus to the Egean Sea, 188-dismisses Hannibal-d. 187. ANTIOCHUS IV., Epiphanes, brother of Seleucus Philopator, k. of Syria, B.C. 175 -defeats the Egytian army, near Lake Sirbonis, 173-invades Egypt, and takes Memphis, 171-negociates with Perseus a league against Rome, 170-besieges Alexandria, 169-evacuates Egypt, and plunders Jerusalem, 168-is resisted by the Jews, 166-d. 164.

ANTIOCHUS V., Eupator, son of Antiochus Epiphanes, k. of Syria, admitted, when only seven years old, to share his father's throne, B.C. 166-succeeds him, under the guardianship of Lysias, 164-loses a great part of his kingdom, conquered by the Parthians-is murdered by Demetrius Soter, 162.

ANTIOCHUS VI., Sidetes, or Euergetes, son of Demetrius Soter, defeats and slays the usurper Trypho, B.C. 139-occupies the throne of Syria on the captivity of his brother, Demetrius Nicator, 137-besieges Jerusalem, 134-grants peace and immunities to the Jewssends valuable gifts to P. Corn. Scipio Africanus Emilianus, 133-invades Parthia, 129 defeated and slain, 128. ANTIOCHUS VII., Grypus, son of Demetrius Nicator and Cleopatra, k. of Syria,

on his accession, has to contend with Alexander Zebina, and with his mother, B.C. 125-overcomes and slays Zebina, 123-puts his mother to death, 121-expelled by his half-brother, Antiochus Cyzicenus, 113-shares his kingdom with him, 111-slain in a contest with him, 96. ANTIOCHUS VIII., Cyzicenus, son of Antiochus Sidetes and Cleopatra, claims Syria, B.C. 114-drives Antiochus Grypus to Aspendus, 113-shares Syria with him, 111-defeated by Seleucus, son of Grypus, and kills himself, 95.

ANTIOCHUS IX., Eusebes, son of Antiochus Cyzicenus, obtains the greater part of Syria, B.C. 94-years of confusion and civil war follow-he is dispossessed by Philippus, 85, and his fate uncertain. ANTIOCHUS X., Asiaticus, son of Antiochus Eusebes, goes to Rome, to obtain aid in expelling Tigranes from Syria, B.C. 75made k. by Lucullus, 69-expelled by Pompey, 65-d. 49.

ANTIOCHUS, son of Alexander Bala, set up as a competitor for the crown of Syria, by Diodotus Trypho, B.C. 143murdered by him, 139.

ANTIOCHUS, the nominal k. of Commagene, deposed by Vespasian, and sent to Rome, 72.

ANTIOCHUS, of Syracuse, concludes his History of Sicily, B.C. 423. ANTIOCHUS, a lieut. of Alcibiades, defeated by Lysander at Ephesus, B.C. 407. ANTIOCHUS, the phil. acad., fl. B.C. 87— teaches Cicero at Athens, B.C. 79. ANTIOCHUS, consul of Rome, 431. ANTI-ORANGE PARTY prevails in the United Provinces, on the death of William II., 1650 compelled by the popular voice to appoint William III., 1672prevails again on his death, 1702-compelled to appoint William IV., 1747supported by France, attempts to curtail the statholder's power, 1783-expels him, but is overpowered by Great Britain and Prussia, 1787.

ANTIPATER, a gen. of Alexander, makes war on Lacedæmon, and kills Agis III. in battle, B.C. 331-defeated by Sosthenes, the Greek leader, takes refuge in Lamia, 323-assisted by Craterus, subdues Etolia, takes Athens, and transplants 3000 citizens into Thrace, 322regent of Macedon, 321-d. 318. ANTIPATER and ALEXANDER, Sons of Cassander, contend for Macedon, B.C. 296invite foreign aid, 295-are killed by Demetrius Poliorcetes, 294. ANTIPATER, the father of Herod, becomes an ally of Rome, B.C. 47. ANTIPATER, Athenian archon, B.C. 369. ANTIPATER, Athenian archon, 45.

ANTIPATER of Tarsus, the stoic, succeeds ANTIPOPES-continued.
Diogenes, and writes against Carneades,
B.C. 144.

ANTIPATER SIDONIUS, writer of the epi-
grams in the Anthologia, B.C. 127.
ANTIPATER, L. Cælius, writes a history of
the Punic wars, B.C. 123.
ANTIPATER TYRIUS, stoic phil., and friend
of Cato, d. B.C. 44.

ANTIPATER, the sophist, secretary to Sept.
Severus, and tutor to his sons, 199-
writes a monody on the death of Geta,

212.

a

ANTIPATRIS, built by Herod, B.C. 10.
ANTIPHANES, writes comedies, B.C. 387.
ANTIPHATES, Athenian archon, B.C. 297.
ANTIPHEMUS of Rhodes, founds Gela,
town in Sicily, B.C. 690.
ANTIPHO, the framer of the " government
of 400," at Athens, put to death, B.C. 411.
ANTIPHON, Athenian archon, B.C. 318.
ANTIPODES, the existence of, taught by the
priest Virgilius, for which he is con-
victed of heresy, 748.
ANTIPOPES. See their transactions under
the respective dates in the Chronological
Tables.

Felix II., 355-358. The bishops of
Rome were not then styled popes;
but he was called the first pretender
or intruder.
Constantine, 767.
Anastasius, 855.
Sergius, 898.

Boniface VII., 974.

John XVI., 997.

Gregory, 1012.

Sylvester, 1044.

Benedict IX., 1044-48.
X., 1058.

Honorius II. (Cadalo), 1061-67.
Clement III., 1080.
Gregory VIII., 1118.
Anacletus II., 1130-38.

Victor III., 1138.

IV., 1159-64.

Pascal III., 1164-68.

Callistus III., 1168–78.

Innocent III., 1178-80.

SCHISM OF THE WEST.

Clement VII., 1378-94.
Benedict XIII., 1394-1424.
Gregory XII., 1409-15.
Clement VIII., 1424–29.

Felix V. (Amadeus, duke of Savoy),
1439-49.

The following are by some added to the list:

Anastasius II., 496-497.
Dioscorus, 530.

Pascal, 687. Theodore, 687.

(Irregularly elected in opposition to Ser

gius 1.

Theophylactus, 767. Zizimus, 824.

ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY of London incorporated by Geo. II., 1751-of Edinburgh founded, 1780.

ANTI-REFORMERS, ejected by most of the large constituencies, at the election of May, 1831-many of them burnt in effigy, and their property destroyed, Sept.

ANTISTHENES, disciple of Socrates, and preceptor of Diogenes, fl. B.C. 365. ANTISTHENES, hist., relates the events of his times, B.C. 198.

ANTI-TRINITARIAN doctrines of Photinus condemned by the synod of Sirmium, 351 -disseminated in Lithuania by Simon Budæus, 1584.

ANTI-TRINITARIAN SOCIETY, founded by Socinus in Italy, 1546.

ANTIUM, taken by the Romans, B.C. 468restored to the Volscians, 457-made a Roman colony and municipium; but deprived of armed ships, 338. ANTOINETTE, queen of France. See MARIE. ANTONINA, wife of Belisarius, accompanies him to Africa, 533-obtains supplies at Naples to relieve Rome, 538. ANTONINUS, MARCUS, son of the emperor M. Aurelius, and twin-brother of Commodus, b. at Lanuvium, Aug. 31, 161– d. 165.

ANTONINUS, T. Pius, proconsul of Asia, 121 -adopted by Hadrian, Feb. 25, succeeds him as emperor, July 10, 138-adopts M. Aurelius, and marries him to his daughter Faustina, 139-gives a king to the Armenians-his wall in Britain built, by Lollius Urbicus, 140-death of his wife, Faustina, 141-bestows salaries and distinctions on the teachers of philosophy and rhetoric in the provinces, 142--dedicates a temple to Hadrian, and distributes money to the people, 145-celebrates his decennalian games, 148forbids all persecution of the Christians -his reign the happiest period in Roman history, 151-punishes Atilius Titianus with death for a conspiracy, 156 -d. Mar. 7, 161. ANTONINUS, Marcus Aurelius, the name assumed by Caracalla, consul of Rome, 202, 205, 208, 213-again by Elagabalus, as consul, 219, 220, and 222. ANTONINUS, the bridge of, destroyed by an inundation of the Tiber, 791.

ANTONIO, duke of Athens. See ACCIAIUOLI. ANTONIO, natural son of Emanuel, late k. of Portugal, defeated by the marquis Santa Croce, in his expedition against the Azores; the prisoners taken are massacred by order of the duke of Alva,

1582-expedition of Drake and Norris to support him, 1589. ANTONIUS, M., the orator, b. B.C. 143--defends Aquilius, 98 killed in Cinna's struggle for the consulship, 87. ANTONIUS, consul of Rome, 382. ANTONIUS. See CONSTANTINOPLE, patri-¡ archs of.

ANTONIUS, C., son of the orator, joins Ca-
tiline in opposing Cicero's election to the
consulship, B.C. 64-consul of Rome, and
Cicero's colleague, 63-banished, 59.
ANTONIUS, L., expelled from the Roman
senate for irregularly divorcing his wife,
B.C. 307.

ANTONIUS, L. Pietas, brother of Mark An-
tony, consul of Rome, B.C. 41-opposes
Octavius, and is besieged by him in Pe-
rusia-taken and pardoned, 40.
ANTONIUS, M., son of the orator, and father
of Mark Antony, maritime prefect, B.C.
75-attacks Crete, 74-d. there, 69.
ANTONIUS, M. See ANTONY, MARK.
ANTONIUS, M. Gnipho, rhetorician-Cicero,
when prætor, attends his lectures, B.C. 66.
ANTONIUS, Qu. Haterius, consul of Rome, 53.
ANTONY, MARK, tribune of the people, ex-

pelled from Rome, joins Cæsar, B.C. 49--
master of the horse to him, 47-consul,
44 quarrels with Octavius, after Cæsar's
death; tries to make himself master of
Cisalpine Gaul, and is declared an enemy
of his country, 44-besieges Mutina;
defeated by the consuls, joins Octavius
and Lepidus to form the second trium-
virate, and murders Cicero, 43-remains
in the East, attacks and kills Ariobar-
zanes, k. of Cappadocia, 42-summons
Cleopatra to answer for having assisted
Brutus; they meet at Tarsus; he con-
sents to the murder of her sister Arsinoë,
41-accompanies her to Egypt; recon-
ciled to Octavius, and married to his
sister, Octavia, 40-concludes the treaty
of Misenum with Octavius and Sextus
Pompeius, 39-arrives in Italy to ar-
range a renewal of the triumvirate, 38-
concerts with Octavius the means of op-
posing Sextus Pompeius, 37-advances
into Media, is defeated, and retreats into
Egypt, 36-invades Armenia, and brings
Artavasdes a prisoner to Egypt, 34-
divorces Octavia, 33-detaches himself
wholly from Rome, and celebrates a
triumph in Egypt; removes the library
of Pergamus to Alexandria; prepares
for war with Octavius, leads his forces
as far as Corcyra, and passes the winter
with Cleopatra, at Patræ, 32-defeated
at Actium, 31-d. 30.

ANTONY, the founder of monachism, b. 252 -introduces it into Egypt, 305-patronized by Athanasius, 328-called by him

to Alexandria to assist in the conversion of Arians, 352-d. 357.

ANTONY, the monk, the name assumed by the deposed emperor Andronicus II., 1332. ANTONY of Bourbon, marries Jane D'Albret, heiress of Lower Navarre, 1548birth of their son, the future Henry IV. of France, 1553-they inherit Lower Navarre, 1555-lieutenant-gen. of France, 1560-joins the Guise faction, 1561-takes Rouen from the Huguenots, and dies of a wound received there, 1562. ANTONY CLEMENT, k. of Saxony, succeeds, May 5, 1827-shares his power with his nephew Frederic, and gives his people a constitution, Sept. 13, 1830-d. June 6, 1836.

ANTONY'S, St., Fire, the disease so called breaks out in Lorraine, 1089.

ANTWERP, given to Godfrey of Bouillon,
1076-the name of Lollards first used
there, 1300-Edward III. lands his army
there, July 22, 1338-building of its
church, 1422-of its exchange, 1531-
plundered by the troops of John of Aus-
tria, 1576-resists the duke of Parma as
Spanish viceroy, 1579-recognizes the
duke of Anjou, as sovereign, 1582-de-
feats his attempted seizure, 1583-be-
sieged by the duke of Parma, 1584-
reduced by famine, surrenders, 1585-
its commerce transferred to Amsterdam
and Rotterdam, 1609--the Barrier Treaty
signed there, 5 (16) Nov. 1715-taken
by the French, 1746-a military council
of the allies held there, Apr. 8, 1793—
held by the Dutch gen. Chassé against
Leopold, k. of Belgium; the citadel in-
vested by mar. Gérard, Nov. 15-cap-
tured, Dec. 23, 1832-railway to Cologne,
Oct. 13, 1843-visit of queen Victoria,
Sept. 7, 1845.

ANULINUS, consul of Rome, 295.
ANULLIANUS, P. Corn., consul of Rome, II,

199.

ANULLINUS, Corn., consul of Rome, 216.
ANUND, Jacob, k. of Sweden, 1024-1051.
ANXUR, a city of the Volsci, taken by the
Romans, B.C. 406.

AODH, k. of Scotland, 880; uncertain.
AoSTA, its valley occupied by the Sa-

lassi, a wild Alpine tribe, B.C. 143. APAMEA, taken by the Persians, 611. APELLES, the painter, fl. B.C. 332. APELLICON, the library of, brought from Athens to Rome by Sylla, B.C. 84-contained the works of Aristotle which Tyrannio copies, 68.

APER, consul of Rome, 207.
APER, assassinates Numerianus, and him-
self falls by the hand of Diocletian, 284.
APER, M. Flavius, consul of Rome, 130-
176, II.

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