ception of its adverse dispensations, in ancient and modern times, iii. 287- Job's opinion of the equality and ine- quality of, 289-revival of an equal, to the chosen race, 364-considerations on God's using human instruments in the dispensations of, 460-considera- tions on God's using temporary plagues in the dispensations of, 466 Providence, extraordinary, a necessary consequence of the Jewish theocracy, ii. 489-illustrated from Solomon's prayer, at the dedication of the tem- ple, 500; from Ezekiel, 501; from Amos, 501-evidences of its ceasing, 504-the ease with which the preten- sion to it might have been carried on, 504 the mention of the inequalities of, by the sacred writers, accounted for, 506
Psammitichus, his scheme to establish an intercourse between Egypt and the Grecian states, ii. 206
Psyche, the ancient story of, explained, i. 305
Punishments, how applied in civil so- ciety, i. 119 of the crimes of parents on their children, on what principle only to be vindicated, ii. 98 Purgatory, remarks on Virgil's account of, i. 262-the inhabitants of, 263 Pyramids of Egypt, probable reasons why they exhibit no hieroglyphic inscriptions, ii. 383-the Egyptian architecture formed on the idea of, 383-not temples, but sepulchres, 384 -alluded to in the book of Job, iii. 87
Pyrrhonians, and Academics, their prin- ciples compared, i. 425-their origin, 431
Pythagoras, his knowledge in physics established in late experience concern- ing earthquakes, i. 424; ii. 70—an inquiry into the principles of his phi- losophy, i. 434-his legislative fame, 435-taught several doctrines which he did not believe, 444
Pythagoreans, their notions of providence, i. 475 their tenets concerning the human soul, 484
Quakers, their motives for rejecting the institution of baptism examined into, iii. 74
Quaternion, philosophic, their opinion of the soul, i. 483
Rachel, the story of her stealing her father's gods, examined, iii. 269 Rainbow, first creation and reason of, ii. 405
Reason, the only test of truth, i. 87-the use of, in the discovery of truth, 10];
iii. 328 why discredited in religious controversy, i. 471
Redemption by Christ, had a retrospect from the fall, iii. 365—an act of grace, not of debt, 366-the means employed in that great work inquired into, 368 Regulus. Cicero's inquiry into his obli- gation to return to Carthage, i. 468 Religion, the protection of, necessary in all governments, i. 107-reply to Bayle's opinion, that a man devoid of religion may be sensible of honour, 146-always the peculiar care of the magistrate, 167 the necessity of uniting it to the state, 339-brief view of the state of, in the ancient world, 357-supposed by the sages to be cal- culated only for the service of the state, 415-the double doctrine of the ancients considered, 417-its truth ma- nifested by its use to society, ii. l—if admitted to have been invented by statesmen, not therefore false, 5-an inquiry into the first origin of, 27-no people ever found without one, 47— Hooker's sentiments on the political use of, 48-too great an attention to civil liberty subversive of, 85—a com- parison of the many religions that have existed in the world, the clew to the true one, 140-the absurdity of any human legislature enforcing it by penal laws, 435-Christian and Mo- saic necessarily dependent on some preceding religion, 444-the care of legislators in the propagation of, iii. 246 -acquired naturally by Adam and Eve, 346-first revealed in paradise, 348-reasonableness of a doctrine, no proof, but a presumption, of its divine original, 408-miracles, the only proof of a doctrine being from God, 409— prophecy an additional evidence, 422
established, the voice of nature, i. 339-the nature of, 340-necessary to society, 340-danger from its devi- ating from the truth, 344-necessity of its alliance with the state, 345-d- vantages to the magistrate from such an alliance, 345-what it receives from the state, 350 – I what it communi- cates to the state, 351-with a test law, the universal voice of nature, 355 -speech of Posthumius on the intro- duction of foreign worship at Rome, 356 causes which facilitated it, 357 -good purposes of, 358-distinction between established and tolerated, according to Dionysius Halicarnasseus, 374-advantages of establishments, ii.
Jewish, of names, an ancient superstition, ii. 299-not adopted by any of the neighbouring nations, and why, 455
natural, true definition of, ii
65 the Mosaic, a republication of, 65-teaches God to be the rewarder of them that diligently seek him, iii. 351
of what those rewards consist, 351 -the distinction between natural and revealed, 362
Religion, revealed, its internal and ex- ternal evidence, i. 108 the necessary qualifications for treating of them, 109 -only able to enforce the sanction of reward, 120-condition of man under it, inquired into, iii. 354-the three systems of, 363
toleration of, motives for tole- ration, i. 359-danger of enforcing con- formity, 359-the sense in which it was understood by the pagan world,
Religions, pagan, not interfering with each other, ii. 443
Religious truth, inquiry into what it is, iii. 327
war, one in ancient Egypt, and the occasion of it, i. 363 Repentance, the nature and efficacy of, considered, iii. 396
Resurrection, allegorized by the Greek philosophers, i. 502
Revelation, book of, why called "the word of prophecy," iii. 429—the pre- dictions of this book respecting Anti- christ, considered, 441
-, particular objections against, answered, ii. 60-some one embraced by all mankind, 137-natural infer- ences from this general propensity, 138 the use and necessity of it, 140 Revelations, pagan, one circumstance common to all, ii. 141-attributed by the primitive fathers to the devil, 142 Reward, the sanction of, explained, i. 117-enforced only by religion, 120 Rhea, observations on the fable of, ii. 236 Rhetoric, use of, disallowed at the court of Areopagus, i. 82
Riddles, propounded by the Hebrew
sages, as mutual trials of sagacity, ii. 211
Ridicule, the favourite figure of speech among freethinkers, i. 81-Shaftes- bury's justification of, examined, 82— not the test of truth, 86, 100-how far it may be safely made use of, 87- the defence of, by Dr. Akenside, exa- mined, 99-the proper detector of error, 102
Rites, legal and patriarchal, not to be confounded, ii. 313
Ritual law of the Jews, made in refer- ence to the Egyptian superstition, ii. 310 this no objection to the divinity of it, 324-characterized in Ezekiel, 337-explained, 337
Romans, to what their ruin was owing,
i. 160 their law respecting tolerated religions, 372-excellence of their
constitution, 408 their fear of the gods, 408 their regard for an oath, 409- their use of sacrifice at con- cluding treaties of peace, iii. 372 Rome, Christian, whether its supersti- tions borrowed from the pagan city, examined, ii. 360
Rose, what the emblem of among the ancients, i. 302-origin of the proverb "under the rose," 302
Runic alphabet, when and why changed for the Roman, ii. 208 Rutherforth, Dr., his notion of the effect the withdrawing the sanctions of the Jewish law had on the obligatory force of that law, examined, ii. 491-his notions of the temporal sanctions of the Jewish law being continued under the gospel, examined, 508-his notions of inefficacy of action without speech, examined, iii. 299
Sabbath, a positive institution, ii. 313- the Jews' breach of, by circumcision, considered, 404-its origin, 405 Sacred band of Thebans, Plutarch's remarks on the death of, i. 244 Sacrifice, origin and nature of, explained, iii. 370-made use of by the Romans at the ratification of peace, 372—Mo- saic, examined, 377-the origin and progress of human, 379-of Christ on the cross, considered, 388-the admis- sion of it into the Mosaic ritual, con- sidered, 381-feast upon the sacrifice, a type of the Lord's supper, 384 Sacrifices, human, the command to Abra- ham to offer up his son Isaac vindi- cated from the objection of giving a divine sanction to, iii. 188, 192— Bryant's opinion of their origin, ex- ploded, 449-Voltaire's opinion con- futed, 451-the command that "none devoted shall be redeemed," examined, 454
Sages, ancient, unanimous in thinking the doctrine of a future state of rewards and punishments necessary to the well- being of society, i. 407-did not believe in a future state, 414-held it lawful for the public good, to say one thing when they thought another, 414 Sallust, his opinion of the divine nature, i. 477
Samuel, his conduct in establishing the regal form of government in Judea, ii. 471 Sanchoniatho, arguments proving that his is the history narrated in the Eleusinian mysteries, i. 212-extract from his history, 213 Sanhedrim, why instituted, ii. 317- when established, 321-motives of Jesus Christ's evasive reply to their interrogations, 321
Satan, reflections on his character as represented by Job, iii. 112-extract from the author's sermon on the fall of Satan, 476
Saul, the phrase of his being among the prophets, explained, ii. 318-charac- terized, 319
Savages, American, why averse to the arts of civil society, i. 378 Scarron, his artifice in ridiculing the sentiment of Sulpicius, i. 84 Scenical representations, in what respect❘ without moral import, iii. 191 Scepticism, characterized, iii. 323 Sceptre of Judah, the common notions of
that phrase examined, ii. 477-true sense of, pointed out, 487 Scriptures, sacred, a summary view of their contents, iii. 11-general rule for the interpretation of, 130-three points recommended to the attention of commentators, 149-much abused in the search after truth, 327 Self-love, the operation of, in mankind, traced, i. 144
Sempiternus, the true import of that word ascertained, i. 494
Seneca, his Consolation against the Fear of Death, i. 457-accused by St. Aus- tin of duplicity, ii. 69
Serpent, in the fall of man, the true meaning of, ascertained, iii. 3-how the sentence passed on it is to be under- stood, 132
crooked, in Job and Isaiah, the meaning of, explained, iii. 116 Sesostris, account of, from Diodorus Siculus, ii. 153-and Osiris, arguments against the identity of, in opposition to Sir Isaac Newton, 249 and Osiris distinguished, 255-260-who, 255- divides Egypt by transverse canals, 256 -his motives for, 288
Shaftesbury, Lord, remarks on his cha- racter, i. 89-his unfair treatment of Mr. Locke, 89
Sherlock, Bishop, his notion of the tribal sceptre of Judah, examined, ii. 479 Shuckford, Dr., his remarks on the an- cient ritual law, examined, ii. 337, 403 Sibyl, how that character in the Ænéis is to be understood, i. 250
Signs, memorable instance of divine in- struction communicated by, in the case of Abraham, iii. 170
Silenus, whence Ovid derived his idea of, i. 441
Sleeping scheme, the principles of, ex- amined, iii. 25
Society, civil, the first invention of, and the motives to, i. 114-no preservative against moral disorders, 115-unable to enforce the sanction of reward, i. 117 -which is only to be supplied by reli- gion, 120 mutual stipulations between magistrate and people on entering into, VOL. III.
118 the purpose of its institution, 341-the extent of its care, 341-in- vented for intractable spirits, 408 Society, religious, the end of its institu- tion, i. 342-sovereign and independ- ent on the civil, 342—not possessed of any civil coactive power, 342-the ob- ject of its care, 343
Socinians, examination of their opinion concerning the death of Christ, iii. 390
Socrates, review of the dispute between him and Aristophanes, i. 85-why he declined initiation into the mysteries, 220 remarks on the latter part of his conduct, 415-the first who called off philosophy from the contemplation of nature to morals, 428 the only Greek philosopher who really believed a fu- ture state of rewards and punish- ments, 429 the method of his philo- sophy, 431-note on the effect of the poison, ii. 68
Socratic method of disputing, what so called, i. 432
Solomon, alludes to the Mysteries in the
book of Ecclesiasticus, (iv. 17, 18,) i. 278 his violations of the Mosaic law remarked, ii. 282-his prayer at the dedication of the temple, illustrative of the particular providence over the Jewish nation, 500-in his prayer at the dedication of the temple, requests only a continuance of temporal re- wards and punishments, iii. 2-how perverted to idolatry, 106
Solomon's Song, a representation of Christ's union and marriage with the church, iii. 286
Sophists, Greek, some account of, i. 432 Soul, the several senses in which the ancients conceived the permanency of it, i. 413-its future existence in a state of rewards and punishments taught, but disbelieved, by the philo- sophers, 413-Cicero's idea of, 461- an inquiry into our conceptions of, 478 three species of, admitted by the ancients, 479-opinions of various philosophers, 488 the opinions of the philosophers on the immortality of, ii. 78 the sentiments of the Jews con- cerning, under the law, iii. 24-exami. nation of the notion of the sleep of, 25 the mention of its future exist- ence by Moses, and by following writ- ers, to be distinguished, 73-imma- terial, common to the whole animal creation, 131-living, in what sense to be understood as used in the history of the creation of man, 132-inquiry into the nature of, 352-different opi- nions on the, 349
Speech, the origin and history of, ii. 185 the early acquisition of, by Adam and Eve, iii. 347
Spinosists, their opinion of the human soul, i. 479
Spiritual courts, the end and use of, i. 347
State, its inducements to seek an alliance
with the church, i. 344-what it com- municates to the church, 350-what it receives from the church, 351-its conduct where it includes more than one religion, 353
Statues, the first rise of worshipping, in human form, ii. 262 Stebbing, Dr., an examination of his
objection to the argument of the Di- vine Legation of Moses, ii. 51-his arguments of Moses's divine legation, equally applicable to Mahomet, 512 his exposition of Lev. xviii. 5, exa- mined, iii. 141-an examination of his Considerations on the Command to Abraham to offer up Isaac, 184, 292, 296, 300, 301, 304, 305, 308, 311, 312, 314, 315 Stillingfleet, his opinion of the Egyptian hieroglyphics, ii. 195
Stoical renovation, what, i. 457 Stoics, their practice contrary to their principles, i. 148 their notions of death, 456-their opinions of the soul, 487
Strabo, his opinion concerning the insti- tution of the Mysteries, i. 210-his opinion as to the necessary religious doctrines by which to govern and re- strain the multitude, 411-his account of the Mosaic doctrine of the Deity, 489 Stratonicean, whether the principles of a, be capable of distinguishing the moral difference between virtue and vice, i. 134
Suicide, why consigned by Virgil to pur- gatory, i. 263 condemned in the Eleusinian Mysteries, and by Virgil, 286 authors who have written against it, 396
Sulpicius, his reflections on the sight of Grecian ruins, i. 84
Sun, the various names under which it was worshipped, ii. 35 Superstition, in ancient history accounted
for, i. 173 whence derived, and the cure of it, 337-whether preferable to atheism, ii. 6-examination of Plu- tarch's parallel between, 8 of lord Bacon's parallel between it and athe- ism, 20
Swift, his observations on Toland and Asgill, i. 338
Sykes, his answer to a censure passed on Spencer's opinion of the Jewish theo-
cracy, considered, iii. 354, 363-his notion concerning the double senses of the scripture prophecies, examined, 213 Symbols, and allegories of ancient pagan- ism, for what purpose introduced, ii. 37 their revolution from being em- ployed for contrary purposes to their primitive designation, pointed out, 210
and types, their difference explained, iii. 382
Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, some ac- count of, i. 501-allegorizes the resur- rection, 501
System and hypothesis, the human mind naturally inclined to, ii. 147
Tacitus, his character of the Jews and Christians, i. 368 his opinion of the Jewish religion, ii. 110-his account of the ancient Theban monuments, 195
Tages, the Etruscan god, how found, ii.
Talismans, greatly venerated by the Mahometans, ii. 217-what they were,
389 Tartarus, observations on Virgil's ac- count of, i. 262-who consigned to, 269
Taylor, Dr., examination of his account of the origin of persecution, ii. 109 Telemachus, why he refused the horses of Menelaus, ii. 283
Tertullian, his account of the origin of heresies, i. 502
Test law, whence it took its birth, i. 353
copy of the test oath of Athens, 355 Thebans, account of the sacred band, i. 244
Theistical opinion, concerning the human soul, i. 479
Theocratic government of the Jews, the reasons and conveniences of the, ii. 419-436-every subject a priest under the, 430-particular inquiry into the circumstances of the, 431-462—why willingly received by them, 438-how long subsisting, 468 when abolished, 476 necessarily including an extraor- dinary providence, 489 illustrated from Solomon's prayer at the dedica- tion of the temple, 500; from Ezekiel, 501; from Amos, 501-Dr. Sykes's answer to the censure passed on Spen- cer, considered, iii. 54
Theology, natural, the obligations flow- ing from, as given by lord Boling- broke, i. 332
, pagan, three systems of, i. 206 Theopompus, the common source from which both Ovid and Virgil borrowed, and wherein they erred in deviation from him, i. 441
Theseus, exposition of his descent into hell, i. 247, 272
Timæus, his exposition of the ancient metempsychosis, i. 444
To ev, not an Egyptian notion, i. 491- derived from Pherecy des Syrus, 493 Toland, character of his Pantheisticon, ii. 27
Toleration, juster notions of it enter- tained by the ancients than by the moderns, i. 359-two principal causes inducing a large and full allowance of, by the ancient lawgivers, 359-the Romans careful not to infringe it, in their edict against the bacchanalian rites, 373-universal, among all the ancient nations, and why, ii. 127 Toyman, at Bath, pertinent story of, iii. 239
Traditions, mistaken presumption to strengthen the authority of, by the church of Rome, iii. 16-never made use of by Christ in support of his character, 174
Treason, high, observations on the laws of forfeitures in cases of, iii. 8 Trismegistus, history of the books forged in the name of, i. 497
Truth, whether possible to be made ridi- culous, i. 83-reason the best test of, 87-reason and ridicule considered in the trial of, 100-reasons for veiling it in Mysteries, 200—and utility, their coincidence, and the mutual proof they afford of each other, ii. 2-in- quiry into what it is, iii. 324 Turnus, remarks on the character of, in the Æneis, i. 240
Type and symbol, their difference ex- plained, iii. 382
Types, the meaning of, ascertained, iii. 198- derivation of, 200- argument deduced from the general passion for, 236-retained by Mr. Whiston's opi- nion, whilst he rejects double senses, 316
Typhon, the fable of, explained, ii. 227,
Tyrants, ancient, great encouragers of religion, and from what motives, i. 176
Unity of the Deity, taught in the Eleu- sinian Mysteries, i. 276 Universality, the want of, no objection against the truth of the Mosaic dis- pensation, ii. 61
Utility, indicative of truth, ii. 2
Vane, Sir Harry, his character, ii. 25 Vedam, the antiquity of it, ii. 361 Vine-tree, Ezekiel's prophecy of it, ex- plained, ii. 421
the Eleusinian Mysteries, i. 225-sup- pressed on the same account, 225 Virgil, an exposition of his allegory of the descent of Eneas to the shades, i. 235 an inquiry into the nature of the Eneid, 235 remarks on his destroy- ing the myrtle which dropped blood, 237-remarks on his making ships become deities, 238 remarks on the character of Turnus, 240— remarks on the character of Dido, 240-re- marks on Voltaire's criticism on this story, 241-remarks on his account of the court of Evander, 242-remarks on the episode of Nisus and Euryalus, 243-recommends adoption, 243-ex- planation of the golden bough, 251- his account of the Mysteries of Myth- ras, 256 exposition of his cha- racter of Charon, 260-explanation of the dog Cerberus, 261-comment on his topography of the infernal regions, 262 remarks on the episodes of Dido and Deiphobus, 268-his description of Elysium compared with that of Homer, 274-infected with Spinosism, 277 remarks on his description of the shield of Æneas, 283
Virtue, three different excitements to, i. 130 natural and moral obligations to, distinguished, 135- -an inquiry into the nature of, under a dispensation of rewards and punishments, iii. 47
Voice of the sign, origin of, ii. 185 Voltaire, remarks on his criticism on the
Dido of Virgil, i. 241-examination of his method of accounting for the per- secuting spirit among Christians, 400 -examination of his objections to the argument of the Divine Legation of Moses, ii. 50-his account of the Chi- nese method of printing, 374 — his account of the Mosaic dispensation examined, 421-his misrepresentation of Judea refuted, 425-some mistakes in his treatise on toleration, noted, iii. 66 his opinion of the origin of hu- man sacrifices, confuted, 433—his ac- cusation of the Jews' sacrificing a whole nation, examined, 445 Vossius, his account of the origin of idolatry, refuted, ii. 233
Vows, the origin and obligation of, con- sidered, iii. 454-the command that "none devoted shall be redeemed," examined, 454-Jephthah's rash vow considered, 458
Vulcan, Sir Isaac Newton's account of, ii. 279-compared with that of Homer, 279
Wants of mankind, real and fantastic, inquiry into, and the effects of, i. 154 War, the different situations of coun-
Vigils, supposed to have originated from
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