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ETHELNOTH. See EDELNOTH. ETHELRED I., or Ethelbert, after the failure of Uffa's line, k. of East Anglia, in conjunction with Eeorna, 749-d. 758. ETHELRED II., king of East Anglia, 761790. ETHELRED, K. of Mercia, third son of Penda, marries Ostritha, daughter of Oswy, k. of Northumberland, and succeeds his brother, Wulfhere, on the throne, 675ravages Kent, and destroys Rochester, 676-war with his brother-in-law, Egfrid, k. of Northumberland, 679. See ELFWIN. -Theodore, archbp. of Canterbury, mediates a peace between them, and Egfrid restores Lindsey, 680-Ostritha murdered by the Southumbrians, 697-Ethelred abdicates, and becomes abbot of Bardney, 704.

ETHELRED, son of Moll Ethelwald, elected k. of Northumberland, 774-dethroned by Alfwold, 778-restored, 790-married to Elfleda, daughter of Offa, k. of Mercia, 792-slain by his subjects, 794. ETHELRED I., K. of England, fourth son of Ethelwulf, succeeds his brother, Ethelbert, 866-besieges the Danes in Nottingham, 868-d. 871.

ETHELRED II., the Unready, k. of England,

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son of Edgar and Elfrida, b. 968-inherits the throne after the assassination of his brother, Edward II., the Martyr, 978 -the Danes renew their depredations, 979. See DANES. Ethelred marries Elfred, daughter of the ealdorman Thored, 985-besieges Rochester and fines the bishop, 986-sends an army to attack Normandy, 990-it is defeated, and peace made; Ethelred imposes on his people the "Danegild" tax, 991-collects a fleet against the Danes and defeats them, 992-concludes a treaty of peace with Swein, k. of Denmark, and Olaf, k. of Norway, who had attacked London, and been repulsed by the citizens, 994. See DANES.-Marries Emma, sister of Richard II., duke of Normandy. See EMMA.-Makes a truce with the Danes, and pays them tribute, after which he orders a general massacre of them in England on St. Brice's day, Nov. 13, 1002 -defeated by them at Kennet, he retires into Shropshire, and obtains peace by paying tribute, 1006-prepares a fleet for the defence of his country, 1008-his fleet is dispersed by a storm; fresh incursions of the Danes, 1009-Thorkill enters the service of Ethelred, 1012Swein takes London and the greater part of England; Ethelred and his queen withdraw to Normandy, 1013-he returns and drives out Canute, 1014-d. at London, Apr. 23, 1016.

ETHELRIC, Son of Ida, succeeds in Bernicia; by the marriage of his son, Ethelfrid, with Acca, daughter of Ella, k. of Deira, the two kingdoms are united, and form that of Northumberland, 588 -Ethelric d. 593.

ETHELSTAN; the name taken by Guthrum, the Dane, on his conversion to Christianity, 878-he divides East Anglia among his followers, 880-d. 890. ETHELSWITH, daughter of Ethelwulf, married to Burhred, k. of Mercia, 853-d. at Pavia, 874.

ETHELTRUDA, daughter of Ethelbald, k. of Mercia, abbess at Lucca, 785. ETHELWALCH restores the kingdom of Sussex, 647-receives the isle of Wight from Wulphere, k. of Mercia, 661-slain in battle against Caedwalla, k. of Wessex, 686.

ETHELWALD, succeeds his brother, Ethelhere, as k. of East Anglia, 655-d. of the plague, 664.

ETHELWALD, bp. of Lichfield, d. 828. ETHELWALD, bp. of Lindisfarne, d. 737. ETHELWERD, the high-steward, slain at Alton, 1001-supposed to be the "Patricius Fabius Quæstor Ethelwerdus," who made a Latin version of the Saxon Chronicle to the year 975.

ETHELWOLD, son of Ethelbald, retires among the Danes of Northumberland, 901-conducts a Danish fleet to Essex, 904-slain, 905.

ETHELWOLD, bp. of Winchester, promotes the Benedictine rule in England, 963-d. 984.

ETHELWULF, king of England, son of Egbert, inherits his father's throne, and gives the government of Kent, Essex, and Sussex, to his son, Athelstan, 836he is defeated by the Danes at Carrum, 840-birth of his youngest son, Alfred, 849-he defeats Röric at Ockley, in Surrey, 851-defeats Rotri Mawr (Roderic the Great), k. of the Welsh Cymri, and penetrates to the isle of Anglesea, 853gives his daughter, Ethelswith, in marriage to Burhred of Mercia, and sends Alfred to Rome, who is anointed k. by the pope, 853-he visits Rome; remains there a year; restores the Anglo-Saxon school, and confirms the Rome-scot, 855 -visits Charles the Bald, and marries his daughter, Judith; on his return to England, Alstan, bp. of Sherbourne, and Eanwulf, ealdorman of Somerset, force him to resign his crown to his son, Ethelbald, 856-d. 858.

ETHELWULF, the ealdorman, repulses the
Danes at Winchester, 860.
ETHIOPIA, Ptolemy Euergetes extends his
empire in, B.C. 225.

ETHIOPIANS, first settle near Egypt, B.C. | 1615. ETHNARCH. See ARCHELAUS, son of Herod. ETNA, Mount. See ERUPTIONS.-Ascended by the emperor Hadrian, 126. ETON COLLEGE, founded by Henry VI., 1441-Montem, or triennial procession of the scholars to Salthill, discontinued, 1847.

ETRURIA, a flourishing State, B.C. 530 makes war on Rome to restore the Tarquins, 508-again, in favour of the Samnites, 310-defeated, 309-compelled by Fabius to make peace, 308-takes the Senones into pay, and enters into a new league with the Samnites, 298--Gellius Egnatius brings in a Samnite army, 297-victory of the Romans at the Vadimonian lake, 283-a Roman colony planted at Cosa, 273-passage of Hannibal, 217.

ETRURIA, the modern kingdom formed out of the duchy of Tuscany by Bonaparte, and given to Louis, son of the duke of Parma, Mar. 21, 1801-Louis d. Oct. 9, 1803-his widow, Maria Louisa, regent for their son, Charles Louis; his lands added by Napoleon to the kingdom of Italy, Dec. 12, 1807.

ETRUSCAN VASES imitated by Wedgwood, 1787.

ETRUSCANS. See ETRURIA.

ETTENHEIM, the duke d'Enghien seized by French troops at, Mar. 15, 1804. ETTY, William, R.A., b. 1787-d. 1849. EUÆNETUS, Athenian archon, B.C. 335. EUARESTUS, bp. of Rome, 100-109. EUBATOS, Olympic victor, B.C. 408. EUBA, revolt of, suppressed by Pericles, B.C. 445-revolts again, 411-the Athenians send an expedition against, under Timotheus, 358-recovered by the Athenians, 357-the Athenians, under Phocion, victorious at Tamynæ, 350-conquered by Philip of Macedon, 347. See CHALCIS, and NEGROPONT. EUBOTAS, Olympic victor, B.C. 364. EUBULIDES, Athenian archon, B.C. 394. EUBULUS, poet of the middle comedy, fl. B.C. 375.

EUBULUS, a leading orator at Athens, promotes the alliance with Thebes, 362persuades the Athenians to recognise the independence of the confederated States, and terminate the social war, 355 -opposes Demosthenes, 349-archon of Athens, 345-d. about 332.

EUCHARIST, controversy on, among the
Reformers, 1524.

EUCHARISTUS, Athenian archon, B.C. 359.
EUCHERIUS, son of Stilicho, slain, 408.
EUCHERIUS, bp. of Lyons, 450.
EUCHERIUS, Fl., consul of Rome, 381.

EUCLIDES, Athenian archon, B C. 427 (403 C., 402 H.)

EUCLIDES, the mathematician, fl. at Alexandria, B.C. 300.

EUCRATES, Athenian archon, B,C. 592. EUCRATIDES I. and II. See BACTRIA. EUCTEMON, Athenian archon, B.C. 408 — another, 299.

EUDAMIDAS I., Proclidan k. of Lacedæmon, succeeds his father, Agis III., B.C. 331. EUDAMIDAS II., Proclidan k. of Lacedæmon, B.C. 268.

EUDEMUS, K. of Corinth, B.C. 859. EUDEMUS, Athenian archon, B.C. 353. EUDES, count of Paris, defends the city against the Danes, 886-elected k. of France, 888-Charles IV.. the Simple, proclaimed in opposition to him-driven by him into Germany, 892-he_relinquishes the eastern province of France to Charles, and recognises his title, 896 -d. 898.

EUDES, duke of Aquitaine, 717-defeats and slays the Saracen, Zama, in the battle of Toulouse, 721-prevents the Saracens passing the Rhone, 725-gives his daughter in marriage to Munusa, a Saracen chief, and enters into a league with him, 730 defeated at Arles and Bordeaux, 731-unites with Charles Martel, defeats the Saracens, and expels them from Aquitaine, 732-d. 735.

EUDES, Count of Champagne, on the decease of his uncle, Rudolf III., claims Burgundy, but is conquered by the emperor Conrad II., 1034-seizes Bar-le-Duc; is defeated and slain by Gonthelon, duke of Lorraine, Sept. 17, 1037.

EUDOCIA, daughter of the Frank, Bauto, married to the emperor Arcadius, 395favours the enemies of Chrysostom, 403 -d. Oct. 6, 404.

EUDOCIA, wife of the emperor Heraclius I., d. 612.

EUDOCIA, their daughter. See EPIPHANIA. EUDOCIA, Makremvolitissa, the widow of Constantine XIII. Ducas, emperor of the East, regent during the minority of her son, Michael VII., 1067 - compelled to take the veil, 1071-d. 1096. EUDOCIA, daughter of Valentinian III., taken at Rome by Genseric, and carried to Africa, 455-married to his son, Hunneric, 462.

EUDOXIA, see ATHENAIS-married to Theodosius II., 421-proclaimed Augusta, 423 -cultivates literature, writes poetical paraphrases of scripture, and other works, 425-performs a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 438 fixes her residence there, 444 -d. Oct. 30, 460.

EUDOXIA, daughter of Theodosius II., married to Valentinian III., at Constanti

nople, 437-compelled to marry Maximus, and is carried from Rome by Genseric, 455-restored by him, 462. EUDOXIUS. See ANTIOCH and CONSTANTINOPLE, bishops of. EUDOXIUS, consul of Rome, 442. EUDOXUS, of Cnidus, connects geography and astronomy, B.C. 360. EUERGETES. See PTOLEMY III., k. of Egypt; and ANTIOCHUS VI., k. of Syria. EUGAMON, the poet, fl. at Syracuse, B.C. 566.

EUGENE FRANCIS, prince of Savoy, son of Eugene Maurice of Savoy, count of Soissons, b. Oct. 18, 1663 takes the command of the imperial army in Hungary, and defeats the Turks at Zenta, Sept. 11, N.s. 1697- sent by the emperor Leopold I. with an army into Italy; defeats the French generals, Catinat, at Carpi, July 9; and Villeroi, at Chiari, Sept. 1, 1701-surprises Cremona, and takes Villeroi prisoner, Feb. 1; is obliged, by the duke de Vendôme, to raise the siege of Mantua, Aug. 1, 1702-co-operates with Marlborough in Germany, and assists him at the battle of Blenheim, 1704- takes the command again in Italy, 1705-joins the duke of Savoy in Aug., gains the battle of Turin, Sept. 7; and drives the French out of Italy, 1706 invades Provence, 1707conference with Marlborough at the Hague acts with him in Flanders, and is wounded at the siege of Lisle, Sept. 21, 1708-they collect their forces at Lisle, June 18; take Tournay, July 30; defeat Villars and Boufflers at Malplaquet, Sept. 11; Mons surrenders to them, Oct, 21, 1709-take Montaigne, April 18, 1710-he arrives in London, and endeavours, without success, to persuade the queen not to negotiate for peace, Jan. 5, 1712-leaves England, Feb. 13-besieges Landrecy, July 16; a detachment of his army, under lord Albemarle, completely defeated by Villars, at Denain, July 24; he loses Marchiennes, 31; raises the siege of Landrecy, Aug. 21; he begins to negotiate for peace at Rastadt, Nov. 28, 1713-concludes the treaty, Mar. 6, 1714

defeats the Turks at Peterwaradin, Aug. 5, 1715; and takes Temeswar, Oct. 13: again defeats them, Aug. 16, 1717; and takes Belgrade, 22; he takes the command, to oppose the French on the Rhine-retires from active service, 1734 -d. 1736.

EUGENIE ADELAIDE LOUISE, sister of Louis Philippe, b. 1776-d. Dec. 31, 1847. EUGENIUS, a rhetorician, set up as emperor, by Arbogastes, 392-defeat and death of, Sept. 6,394.

EUGENIUS revolts at Antioch, and is suppressed by the inhabitants, 303. EUGENIUS I., pope, elected on the imprisonment of Martin I., 654-consecrated, 655-d. June, 657.

EUGENIUS II., pope, 824-827. EUGENIUS III., pope, Bernard, abbot of St. Anastasius, elected, Feb. 27, 1145 - he withdraws from Rome; after some months, quiets the people and returns; again leaves Rome, employs the abbot, Bernard of Clairvaux, to preach another crusade, 1146-urges the undertaking, 1147-establishes himself in Rome, 1149 -is again driven out, 1150-Bernard dedicates to him his five books, "De Consideratione," 1150-returns to Rome, 1152 -d. July 7, 1153.

EUGENIUS IV., pope, cardinal Gabriello dei Condolmieri, elected March 3, 1431--deprives the Colonna family of their offices, and patronizes the Orsini, 1431the council at Basle assembles. See BASLE. He refuses the imperial crown to Sigismund, 1432-confirms the March of Ancona to Francesco Sforza for life, and appoints him gonfalonier of the church, 1434 - Rome taken by Fortebraccio; Eugenius escapes in disguise, and retires to Florence, 1434-asserts his claim to Naples, and supports it with an army; the duke of Milan and Alfonso of Aragon league against him, 1435invited to return to Rome; fixes his residence at Bologna, 1436-summoned to appear before the council and answer various charges brought against him; he answers by a Bull, dissolving the council, and calling another at Ferrara, where he invites the Greek emperor, John VI., to attend, and arrange for the union of the two churches, 1437--the council of Basle continues, declares Eugenius contumacious, and decrees the suspension of his authority, 1438-the council of Ferrara opened, Jan. 8, by cardinal Nicholas Albergati; the pope arrives there, Jan. 27, 1438-the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges declares the pope subordinate to a general council, and annuls his fiscal rights in France, 1438- Eugenius removes his council from Ferrara to Florence, where an ostensible union of the Latin and Greek churches is signed, July 6, 1439-the council of Basle deposes Eugenius, June 25; and renews the schism of the church, by electing Amadeus of Savoy (Felix V.), 1439-he leaves Florence, and fixes his residence again in Rome; acknowledges Alfonso, king of Naples, and employs him to recover the March of Ancona for him, from Francesco Sforza, 1443-he deposes the arch

U

bishops of Cologne and Treves, for their adherence to the council of Basle, 1445the electors of Germany, assembled at Frankfort, threaten to declare for Felix V., unless Eugenius restores the deposed archbishops, and acknowledges the liber-EUNEUS, K. of Sicyon, B.C. 1122. Doubtful. ties of their national church, 1446--by EUNOIUS of Cæsarea, fl. 367. the advice of Eneas Sylvius, Eugenius assents, by a Concordat, to the demands of the German electors; soon after which he d., Feb. 23, 1447.

EUMOLPUS brings the Eleusinian mysteries to Athens, B.C. 1356.

EUNAPIUS, b. 346-studies at Athens, 362writes the life of Maximus, 395-ends his History, 404.

EUGENIUS, bp. of Carthage, defends the Athanasian faith at the meeting of the bishops there, 484-d. 505.

EUGENIUS, a general of the emperor Auastasius I., repels an invasion of the Saracens in Syria, 497.

EUGUBINE Tables discovered, 1440. EUGUBIUM, a town of the Umbri, conquered

by the Romans, B.C. 320. See GUBBIO. EUHIPPUS, Athenian archon, B.C. 461. See EUTHIPPUS, 463 H.

EULEUS, rules in Egypt for Ptolemy Philometor, makes war on Antiochus Epiphanes, k. of Syria, and is defeated near lake Sirbonis, B.C. 173. EULALIUS, bp. of Antioch, 329. EULER, Leonard, b. 1707-d. 1783. EULOGIUS. See ALEXANDRIA, bishops of. EUMELUS. See BOSPORUS.

EUMELUS, a Corinthian poet, fl. B.C. 761. EUMENES 1., k. of Pergamus, B.C. 263collects his library, and invents parchment; defeats Antiochus Soter near Sardis, and adds olis to his dominions, 263-conquers some of the western provinces of Syria, 242-d. 241. EUMENES II., k. of Pergamus, B.C. 197maintains the alliance with Rome, 191his fleet, in concert with that of Rome, destroys the Syrian navy, 191-receives a large addition of territory, 188-attacked by Prusias I., k. of Bithynia, 184 -honourably received at Rome; on his return he is attacked by assassins near Delphi, 172-begins to treat with Antiochus Epiphanes, 170--d. 159. EUMENES, one of Alexander's officers, occupies part of Asia Minor, B.C. 323-Craterus makes war on him, 321-defeated by Antigonus, 320-besieged by him in Nora, 319-escapes, and is assisted by Mithridates of Pontus, 318-defeats Antigonus while pursuing him, 316finally overcome and slain, 315. EUMENES. See ALEXANDRIA, bishops of. EUMENIUS, professor of rhetoric at Augustodunum (Autun), 297-offers to relinquish his salary for the repair of the schools, 299. See AUTUN. EUMER, a West Saxon, attempts to assassinate Edwin, king of Northumberland, 626.

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EUNOMIA" discovered by De Gasparis, July 29, 1851.

EUNOMIANS, violent edicts against, by the young emperor Arcadius, dated C. P. March 13 and 29, by which they are forbidden to appoint bishops, and declared incapable of making wills or inheriting property, 395.

EUNOMIUS, a native of Cadora, at the foot of Mount Argæus, between Cappadocia and Cilicia, is instructed by Aetius, 353 -writes in defence of his doctrines, which Basilius, Gregory of Naz., and Gregory of Nyssa oppose, 372-d. in exile at his native village.

EUNOMUS or Polydectes, Proclidan king of Lacedæmon, B.C. 926-881.

EUODIUS, consul of Rome, 386. EUPALES, k. of Nineveh or Assyria, B.C. 1044.

EUPATOR. See ANTIOCHUS V., k. of Syria. EUPATORIA Surrenders to Lucullus, B.C. 71 -capture of, by the allies, Sept. 14, 1854 -repulse of the Russian attack on, Feb. 17, 1855.

EUPHANTUS of Olynthus, historian, fl. B.C.

246.

EUPHEMIUS. See CONSTANTINOPLE, bishops

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221.

EUPHRASIUS. See ANTIOCH, bishops of. EUPHRATES, crossed by an expedition of Ashurakbal, B.C. 930, La.- by Alexander, at Thapsacus, 331-by Trajan, A.D. 116-Hadrian makes it the limit of his dominions in the East, 117-crossed by Sept. Severus, 195-by Galerius, 298 -Ursicinus commands the army of Constantius II. on its banks, 353-crossed by Julian, 363-Belisarius compels the Persians to recross, 542-crossed by Chosroes, 607-by Heraclius, 625-by the Mohammedans, 636-by John Zimisces, 974-by the Carismians, 1232-explored by British steamers, 1838. EUPHRATES, stoic philosopher, quarrels with Apollonius of Tyana, 69-d. 119. EUPHRONIUS. See ANTIOCH, bishops of.

"EUPHROSYNE," the planet discovered by Ferguson, Sept. 1, 1854. EUPOLEMUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 396. EURIC, K. of the Visigoths, son of Theodoric I., obtains the throne by murdering his brother Theodoric II., and conquers a large part of Spain, 466-completes its conquest, 469-takes Arles and Marseilles; defeats Riothamar, the Breton chief; his progress in Auvergne is checked by Ecdicius, 470-Epiphanius negotiates between him and Nepos; Auvergne is ceded to him, 474-Odoacer relinquishes all beyond the Alps to him, 478 d. 485.

EURIPIDES, b. at Salamis, B.C. 480-produces his first tragedy, the "Peliades," 455-gains the highest prize in tragedy, 441-his "Medea," and "Philoctetes," appear, 431-" Palamedes," "Troades," and "Sisyphus" appear, 415-" Andromeda," 412-"Orestes," 408-d. 406a bronze statue erected to him, 337. EUROPE, first entered by the Persians under Darius, B.C. 507-ravaged by the great plague, A.D. 542, and many succeeding years-first permanent settlement of the Turks in, 1343-again visited by the plague, 1348.

EUROPS, king of Sicyon, B.C. 2038 (1777 C.) EURYBUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 672. EURYCLES, Olympic victor, B. C. 592. EURYCLIDAS, Olympic victor, B.C. 632. EURYCRATES I., Agidan k. of Lacedæmon, B.C. 709-676.

EURYCRATES II., Agidan k. of Lacedæmon, B.C. 637-593.

EURYDAMIDAS, Agidan k. of Lacedæmon, B.C. 240.

EURYDICE, widow of Amyntas II., king of Macedon, obtains the protection of the Athenian general Iphicrates for herself and her two youngest sons, Perdiccas and Philip, B.C. 365.

EURYMEDON, a river of Pamphylia, near which Cimon gains the victories which close the war between Greece and Persia, B.C. 466.

EURYMEDON, an Athenian general, conveys supplies to his countrymen, who are besieging Syracuse, B.C. 414.

EURYPON, Proclidan k. of Lacedæmon, B.C. 1028-975.

EURYSTHENES, first Agidan k. of Lacedæ-
mon, B.C. 1096-1059.
EURYSTHUS, son of Sthenelus, recovers
Mycenae, B.C. 1274 (1258 C.)
EURYTUS, a Pythagorean philosopher of
Magna Græcia, visited by Plato, B.C. 395.
EURYXIDAS, Olympic victor, B.C. 532.
EUSDEN, Laurence, poet laureate, 1718-d.
1730.

EUSEBIA, married to the emperor Constan

tius II., 353-saves the life of Julian, 354 -persuades her husband to create him Cæsar, 355-Julian's encomium on, 357 -d. 360.

EUSEBIUS, consul of Rome, 311, uncertainothers, 347, and 489-II., 493. EUSEBIUS, Flavius, brother of the empress Eusebia, consul of Rome, 359. EUSEBIUS, bp. of Rome, 310, EUSEBIUS, bp. of Cæsarea, b. about 275teaches at Cæsarea, 306-imprisoned, 307 -made bp. and writes in defence of Origen, 308-supports the doctrines of Arius, 316-ends his Chronicle and completes his Hist. Ecc., 325-publishes his Hist. Ecc. 326-his Life of Constantine, 337-d. 340.

EUSEBIUS, bp. of Dorylæum, deposed, 449 -restored, 451.

EUSEBIUS, bp. of Emesa, writes his Commentaries, 347.

EUSEBIUS, bp. of Nicomedia, supports the doctrines of Arius, 316-baptizes Constantine, 337-appointed bp. of Constantinople, 340-d. 342.

EUSTACE, St., battle of, the Canadian rebels defeated, Dec. 19, 1837. EUSTACE, earl of Boulogne, marries Goda, sister of Edward the Confessor; on his return to France an affray takes place between his retinue and the people of Dover, 1051-marries afterwards Ida, sister of Godfrey IV.,.duke of Lorraine. See GODFREY DE BOUILLON. EUSTACE, Count of Boulogne, the son, joins the rebellion of bp. Odo against Wm. Rufus, 1088-accompanies his brother, Godfrey de Bouillon, to the crusade, 1096. EUSTACE, Son of Stephen, k. of England, d. 1153.

EUSTACE DE ST. PIERRE and five other citizens of Calais saved by the intercession of Philippa and the Black Prince, 1347.

EUSTASIUS, the Greek catapan, defeated at Trani by the Normans, 1046. EUSTATHIUS, bp. of Bercea, writes against the Arians, 324-elected bp. of Antioch, 325-deposed by the Arians, 328. EUSTATHIUS, consul of Rome, 421. EUSTATHIUS of Syria, writes his History, from 479 till his death, 503. EUSTATHIUS. See JERUSALEM, bishops of. EUSTATHIUS. See CONSTANTINOPLE, bishops of. EUSTATHIUS writes Commentaries on Homer and Dionysius Periegeta, 1155. EUSTATIA, St., island of, acquired by the Dutch, 1632-taken by adm. Rodney, Feb. 2, 1781-recovered by the French, Nov. 20- claims for private property seized there allowed by the privy council, May 26, 1791-captured by the En

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