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dis, is taken by assault (546

B. C.), 47-49.
Cromwell, Oliver.

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- (1599 - 1658).
Lord Protector of the English
Commonwealth. Theme: "English
Revolution," viii, 211; offspring
of mighty ideas, 212; the Puri-
tans and their zeal for civil lib-
erty, 212-215; Petition of Right,
215; the King's (Charles I)
clamor for money, 216; opposi-
tion of Parliament, 217; im-
peachment of Laud and Straf-
ford, 217, 220; coming of Crom-
well, 219; raises regiment of
"Ironsides," 221; civil war, 221;
Edgehill and Marston Moor, 221;
bravery at Naseby (1645), 222;
crushes the Scotch royalists at
Preston, 222; ascendency of the
Independents, 223; trial and ex-
ecution of Charles I, 223, 224;
Charles II, 227; in Ireland and
slaughter of garrison of Drog-
heda, 228; battles of Dunbar
(1650) and Worcester (1651),
228; Lord Protector, 228;
229;
usurper,
blunders, 233;
wise statesman and able ruler,
234; his régime, 235, 236;
deeds and policy, 237; expedi-
ency, 238; death and character,
240, 241; restoration of the
King (1660), 242; sequence of
the Great Rebellion, the revolu-
tion of 1688, 243; xi, 33.
Cromwell, Richard.-(1626-1712.)
. Son of the Protector, viii, 229.
Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex.

-(1485-1540.) English states-
man and minister of Henry VIII,
vi, 257; advises the king to de-
clare himself Head of the Eng-
lish Church, 257; suppresses
monasteries, 258, 260-263; re-
forms of the Church, 265; fall

and execution, 266, 267; vii,
202.

Cromwell and the Stuarts, xiii,
370.

Crookes, Sir William. (1832.
1919.) English physicist and
chemist, on luminous phenomena
of electric discharges, xiv, 422.
Cross, John Walter. Marries
(1880) George Eliot, vii, 385.
"Crossing the Bar," Tennyson's
hymn, xiii, 446, 452.

-

"Crown of Wild Olive," The, Rus-
kin's, xiv, 101.

Crusades, The.- (10 9 5-12 72.)
Great events of the Middle Ages,
v, 325; semi-religious and semi-
military movements, 326; repré-
sent hatred of Mohammedans,
329; inculcating virtues of chiv.
alry, 329; penance and its then
popular form -
- pilgrimage to
Jerusalem, 332; difficulties that
beset the pilgrims, 333, 334;
Peter of Amiens, 334, 336; 1st
Crusade under Peter the Hermit,
336; 2nd preached by St. Ber-
nard, 337; 3rd led by Philip
Augustus, Richard Cœur de Lion,
and Barbarossa, 338; 4th, 5th,
6th, and 7th incited chiefly by
Celestine III, Innocent III, and
Saint Louis of France, 339, 340;
waste of forces in these crusades,
340; their mistakes, 342; their
cruelties, 343; ultimate results,
indirectly on civilization of
Europe, 345; barrier erected by
them to Mohammedan conquests,
346;

weakening power of the
barons, 349, 351; growth of
cities and decay of feudalism
which followed, 352; impulse to
commerce, 352, 353; manners
and intercourse improved and
extended, 353; germs of civili-
zation scattered, 354; vii, 74.

For location of Volumes in Books,

Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.

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(1 7 2 5-8 8.)
American politician, xi, 156, 227.
Custis, Mrs. Martha. See Wash-
ington.
Cuvier, Baron.

-

(1769-183 2.)
French naturalist, vii, 290.
Cyaxares, King of the Medes (635-
584 B. C.), founder of Median
greatness, iv, 42; joins Nabo-
polassar in taking Nineveh and
destroying Assyrian empire, 42;
succeeded by his son Astyages,
grandfather of Cyrus, under
whom the Median empire ends,
43.
Cybele (Rhea). Nature-goddess

worshipped with revelry and
licentiousness; feast of, i, 137.
Cyprus, Island of, depopulated in
the Greek revolution, ix, 291.
Cyrus the Great.-(Died 529 B.C.)

Founder of Persian empire, i,
55; ideal king, 56; link be-
tween the old Oriental world and
the Greek civilization, iv, 28;
Persia before his day under
petty kings who owed fealty to
Media, 37; Astyages, his grand-
father, last king of the Medes,
orders Cyrus to be destroyed at
birth; saved by the scruples of
Harpagus, an officer of the court,
39; brought up by a herdsman
until accident discloses his royal

origin, when he is reclaimed by
Astyages as his heir, 40; goes
to his father (Cambyses) in
Persia, heads there a revolt
against Media, defeats Astyages
in battle, and becomes monarch
of both Media and Persia (B. C.
558), 41; the ascendent power
in Asia, 43; his Lydian cam-
paign and conquest of the Turan-
ian nations, 45; defeats Crœsus
of Lydia and takes Sardis by as-
sault (B. C. 546), 49; the
Greek colonies of Asia Minor an-
nexed to Persian empire, 50, 51;
diverts the Euphrates and cap-
tures Babylon (538 B. C.), 53;
death, 56; character, 58, 59;
succeeded by his son, Cambyses,
who adds Egypt to Persia, 60;
Persia finally defeated at Mara-
thon, and at Arbela, era of Alex-
ander the Great (1332 B. C.),
61; wars of, represent the pas
sion of military glory, v, 327.
Czernin, Count Ottokar.-(1875-.)
Austrian diplomat, xv, 323.

D.

Daguerre, Louis J. M.-French
painter and inventor of the
daguerreotype process, xiii, 309.
Dallas, George M.-(1792-1864.)
American statesman and Secre-
tary of the Treasury, xii, 101.
Damascus, Saul's conversion on
way to, ii, 413.

Damietta, Egypt, Capture of, by
crusaders (1218-19), v, 339.
Daniel's exalted piety, ii, 88.
"Daniel Deronda," George Eliot's
novel, vii, 381-384.

Danish invasions of England, viii,
35, 36; their settlements there,
38; further conquests of, 39-42,
45; invasion under Hasting

For location of Volumes in Books,

Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.

(893 A. D.), 55; beaten by Al-
fred the Great, 56; the Danish
fleet captured, 56; retreat of,

57.
Dante,

-

(1265-1321.)

Alighieri.
Italian poet, i, 289; theme:
"Rise of Modern Poetry," vi, 23;
preeminence among poets, 26;
birth, family, and student days,
29-31; exile and wanderings, 32,
33; love for Beatrice, 35, 37-41;
his "Vita Nuova," 36; his "Di-
vine Comedy," 1st part, the "In-
ferno," 43; 2nd part, the "Pur-
gatorio," 46; the "Paradiso,"
49-52; character, 53; sickness
and death, 54; vii, 24, 25, 26,
58, 285.

Danton, Georges Jacques.-(1759-

94.) French revolutionist, ix,
57-59.

Danubian Principalities won by
Russia in war with Turkey
(1828), the Czar, by treaty of
Adrianople, obtains protectorate
over them, ix, 322.

Darius.-King of Persia, palace of,
xiv, 381.

Dartmouth, Lord. (1731-1801.)

English Secretary of State for
the Colonies, xi, 83.
Dartmouth College, Webster's alma
mater, xii, 151; legal case of,
151, 351.
Darwin, Charles, Robert.-(1809-

1882.) English naturalist, "his
place in Modern science," xiv,
157; birth and school-days, 157-
160; voyage on the "Beagle,"
161, acquaintance with Wallace,
Lyell, and Hooker, 162, 163; his
"Origin of Species," 163, 164;
"Variation of Animals and
Plants under Domestication,"
164; "Descent of Man," 165;
"Expression of Emotion in Man
and Animals," 166; "Fertiliza-

tion of Orchids," "Effects of
Cross and Self-Fertilization,"
and "Formation of Vegetable
Mould through Action of
Worms," 166; sickness, death,
and honors, 167; mental char-
acteristics, 168, 169; religious
views, 170, 171; account of his
writings, 172, 193; general ac-
ceptance of his evolutionary
theories, 193, 194.
Darwinian hypothesis, xiv, 157.
D'Aubigné, Mlle. See Maintenon,

Mme.

Daun, Count.-(1705-66.) Austrian
field-marshal, viii, 382.

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David. King of Scotland, vii, 70.
David, King. (1055-1015 B. C.)
Anointed by Samuel, ii, 158,
174; kills Goliath, 159; warrior
king, 169; characteristics of,
170; birth and family, 171;
identified with Saul's fading
glories, 172; fights Philistines,
172, 173; accession as King
(1051 B. C.), 173; ode on death
of Saul and Jonathan, 173, fas-
cinating exploits, 172; noble
lyrics of, 174; dislike of Joab,
175; transfers capital from
Hebron to Jerusalem, 176; re-
moves sacred ark, 177; an
Oriental monarch, 178, 179; his
pomp, 179; alienated from his
wife, daughter of Saul, 178;
polygamy of, 180, 182; war with
Moabites, 181; with Ammonites,
181; extends his empire, 181;
war with Edomites, 182; guilty
of murder and adultery, 183; re-
pentance, 183; takes Bathsheba
to wife, 184; backslidings, 185;
numbers the people and its pun.
ishment, 186; trials and misfor-
tunes, in spite of penitence, 187;
rebellion of Absalom, 187; driv
en from his capital, 187; suc-

For location of Volumes in Books,

Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.

the Christians under (303 A.D.),

iv, 138; abdication of (305
A. D.), 138, 144.

Diogenes of Crete.

(Oirca 5th
cent. B. C.) Greek natural
philosopher, i, 261.
Dionysus (Bacchus).-God of the
Vine, i, 118, 120, 121.
Dioscuri, Temple of the, at Athens,
iii, 132, 134.

Diplomacy. See Franklin, Benjamin.
Directory, The French.-(1795-
99.) Succeeds National Conven-
tion in the Executive of France,
ix, 115, 117; loses capacity to
govern, 119; xi, 163, 167.
Disc dynamo, rotating, Arago's xiv,
419.
"Discourses"

Epictetus.

of Epictetus. See

Dismal Swamp, Washington's ex-
ploration and drainage of, xi,
112.

Disraeli, Benjamin.-See Beacons-
field, Lord.

Distribution, Arguments from, H.
Spencer's, xiv, 130.

"Divine Comedy," The, Dante's, vi,

27, 41, 43-46, 48-51; vii, 284;
xiii, 338, 340, 346, 347, 350.
Divinities, Greek, creations of the
fancy, i, 109; Roman (the
Olympic gods), 137.
Divinity in chiselled stone, i, 125.
Dix, Dorothea Lynde. (1802-
1887.) Superintendent of
Nurses in Civil War, xvi, 169.
Dix, Morgan.-(1827- .) Amer-
ican clergyman, vii, 301; his
Lenten Lectures, 317.

---

Doane, S. E.-(1870- .) American
electrical engineer, xvi, 180, 193.
Dobb's Ferry, Howe retires upon,
xi, 124.

Doctrine of the Mean (golden
mean of conduct), Confucius's,
i, 175.

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Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.

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essays on, xiii, 258, 266.

Pitt, William.
Chaucer, Geoffrey.

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(1340-1400.)
Father of English poetry. “Eng-
lish Life in 14th Century," vi,
59; great movements of era, 59,
60; parliamentary history, 61,
62; habits and customs of peo-
ple, 62, 63; birth, family, and
social position, 63, 64, 66; in-
timacy with John of Gaunt, 64;
accompanies king to France and
taken prisoner, 64, 65; ran-
somed, 65; "Roman de la Rose,"
translation of, 67; descriptions
of the people, 72, 73; "Legend
of Good Women," 73; "Canter-
bury Tales," 74-79; chivalry,
and description of women, 80,
81; sports and amusements, 82;
home, town, and city life of
period, 83-85; religious life and
ecclesiastical abuses of time, 85,
86; courts of love and chivalric
glories, 87; Ward's biography,
88; character, appearance, and
manners, 89, 90; monument in
Westminster Abbey, 90, 91; xi,
33; a huge literary borrower,
xiii, 294.

Cheatham, Major-General, B. F.-
xii, 349.

Cheddar, Hannah More's school at,

vii, 313, 314.
Chedorlaomer.-King of Elam, Ab-
raham rescues his nephew Lot
from, ii, 36; traditions and
legends of, xiv, 354.

Chemistry, its assistance in medi-

cine, xiv, 472.

Cheops, Pyramid of, iii, 87.

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battle of, xii, 339.

China, Introduction of Buddhistie
doctrines into, 1, 84, 85, 91;
Buddhist temples in (13th
cent.), 92; prescribed by pres
ent dynasty, 92; classic litera-
ture of, 174; intercourse with,
by land, xiv, 257; by sea, 261;
Emperor and Empress Dowager
of, 295.

Chinese Wall, xiv, 259.

Ching, Prince, of China, xiv, 298.
Chios (Scio), Turkish massacre of

Greeks at (1822), ix, 298.
Chivalry, its worship of the female
sex and the Queen of Heaven, v,
316; interesting institution of
Middle Ages, 320; as an insti-
tution, vii, 228, 229.
Choiseul, Duc de.

-

-

(1719-85.)
French statesman, viii, 318.
Chopin, François F. (1809-49.)
Polish musical
composer, xiv,
58-61, 64, 65, 68, 69.
Chourchid Pasha. Turkish gen.
eral, operations in Greek Revo-
lution, ix, 296-300.

-

Chow dynasty, China, i, 146, 149,

154.

Christ and His teachings, ii, 38;

temptation of, 40.

Christian IV, King of Denmark
(1588-1648), takes part in the
Protestant rising in Northern
Germany in the Thirty Years'
War, viii, 153.

For location of Volumes in Books,

Roman numerals refer to Volumes.
see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.

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