dis, is taken by assault (546
B. C.), 47-49. Cromwell, Oliver.
- (1599 - 1658). Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth. Theme: "English Revolution," viii, 211; offspring of mighty ideas, 212; the Puri- tans and their zeal for civil lib- erty, 212-215; Petition of Right, 215; the King's (Charles I) clamor for money, 216; opposi- tion of Parliament, 217; im- peachment of Laud and Straf- ford, 217, 220; coming of Crom- well, 219; raises regiment of "Ironsides," 221; civil war, 221; Edgehill and Marston Moor, 221; bravery at Naseby (1645), 222; crushes the Scotch royalists at Preston, 222; ascendency of the Independents, 223; trial and ex- ecution of Charles I, 223, 224; Charles II, 227; in Ireland and slaughter of garrison of Drog- heda, 228; battles of Dunbar (1650) and Worcester (1651), 228; Lord Protector, 228; 229; usurper, blunders, 233; wise statesman and able ruler, 234; his régime, 235, 236; deeds and policy, 237; expedi- ency, 238; death and character, 240, 241; restoration of the King (1660), 242; sequence of the Great Rebellion, the revolu- tion of 1688, 243; xi, 33. Cromwell, Richard.-(1626-1712.) . Son of the Protector, viii, 229. Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex.
-(1485-1540.) English states- man and minister of Henry VIII, vi, 257; advises the king to de- clare himself Head of the Eng- lish Church, 257; suppresses monasteries, 258, 260-263; re- forms of the Church, 265; fall
and execution, 266, 267; vii, 202.
Cromwell and the Stuarts, xiii, 370.
Crookes, Sir William. (1832. 1919.) English physicist and chemist, on luminous phenomena of electric discharges, xiv, 422. Cross, John Walter. Marries (1880) George Eliot, vii, 385. "Crossing the Bar," Tennyson's hymn, xiii, 446, 452.
"Crown of Wild Olive," The, Rus- kin's, xiv, 101.
Crusades, The.- (10 9 5-12 72.) Great events of the Middle Ages, v, 325; semi-religious and semi- military movements, 326; repré- sent hatred of Mohammedans, 329; inculcating virtues of chiv. alry, 329; penance and its then popular form - - pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 332; difficulties that beset the pilgrims, 333, 334; Peter of Amiens, 334, 336; 1st Crusade under Peter the Hermit, 336; 2nd preached by St. Ber- nard, 337; 3rd led by Philip Augustus, Richard Cœur de Lion, and Barbarossa, 338; 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th incited chiefly by Celestine III, Innocent III, and Saint Louis of France, 339, 340; waste of forces in these crusades, 340; their mistakes, 342; their cruelties, 343; ultimate results, indirectly on civilization of Europe, 345; barrier erected by them to Mohammedan conquests, 346;
weakening power of the barons, 349, 351; growth of cities and decay of feudalism which followed, 352; impulse to commerce, 352, 353; manners and intercourse improved and extended, 353; germs of civili- zation scattered, 354; vii, 74.
For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
(1 7 2 5-8 8.) American politician, xi, 156, 227. Custis, Mrs. Martha. See Wash- ington. Cuvier, Baron.
(1769-183 2.) French naturalist, vii, 290. Cyaxares, King of the Medes (635- 584 B. C.), founder of Median greatness, iv, 42; joins Nabo- polassar in taking Nineveh and destroying Assyrian empire, 42; succeeded by his son Astyages, grandfather of Cyrus, under whom the Median empire ends, 43. Cybele (Rhea). Nature-goddess
worshipped with revelry and licentiousness; feast of, i, 137. Cyprus, Island of, depopulated in the Greek revolution, ix, 291. Cyrus the Great.-(Died 529 B.C.)
Founder of Persian empire, i, 55; ideal king, 56; link be- tween the old Oriental world and the Greek civilization, iv, 28; Persia before his day under petty kings who owed fealty to Media, 37; Astyages, his grand- father, last king of the Medes, orders Cyrus to be destroyed at birth; saved by the scruples of Harpagus, an officer of the court, 39; brought up by a herdsman until accident discloses his royal
origin, when he is reclaimed by Astyages as his heir, 40; goes to his father (Cambyses) in Persia, heads there a revolt against Media, defeats Astyages in battle, and becomes monarch of both Media and Persia (B. C. 558), 41; the ascendent power in Asia, 43; his Lydian cam- paign and conquest of the Turan- ian nations, 45; defeats Crœsus of Lydia and takes Sardis by as- sault (B. C. 546), 49; the Greek colonies of Asia Minor an- nexed to Persian empire, 50, 51; diverts the Euphrates and cap- tures Babylon (538 B. C.), 53; death, 56; character, 58, 59; succeeded by his son, Cambyses, who adds Egypt to Persia, 60; Persia finally defeated at Mara- thon, and at Arbela, era of Alex- ander the Great (1332 B. C.), 61; wars of, represent the pas sion of military glory, v, 327. Czernin, Count Ottokar.-(1875-.) Austrian diplomat, xv, 323.
Daguerre, Louis J. M.-French painter and inventor of the daguerreotype process, xiii, 309. Dallas, George M.-(1792-1864.) American statesman and Secre- tary of the Treasury, xii, 101. Damascus, Saul's conversion on way to, ii, 413.
Damietta, Egypt, Capture of, by crusaders (1218-19), v, 339. Daniel's exalted piety, ii, 88. "Daniel Deronda," George Eliot's novel, vii, 381-384.
Danish invasions of England, viii, 35, 36; their settlements there, 38; further conquests of, 39-42, 45; invasion under Hasting
For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
(893 A. D.), 55; beaten by Al- fred the Great, 56; the Danish fleet captured, 56; retreat of,
Alighieri. Italian poet, i, 289; theme: "Rise of Modern Poetry," vi, 23; preeminence among poets, 26; birth, family, and student days, 29-31; exile and wanderings, 32, 33; love for Beatrice, 35, 37-41; his "Vita Nuova," 36; his "Di- vine Comedy," 1st part, the "In- ferno," 43; 2nd part, the "Pur- gatorio," 46; the "Paradiso," 49-52; character, 53; sickness and death, 54; vii, 24, 25, 26, 58, 285.
Danton, Georges Jacques.-(1759-
94.) French revolutionist, ix, 57-59.
Danubian Principalities won by Russia in war with Turkey (1828), the Czar, by treaty of Adrianople, obtains protectorate over them, ix, 322.
Darius.-King of Persia, palace of, xiv, 381.
Dartmouth, Lord. (1731-1801.)
English Secretary of State for the Colonies, xi, 83. Dartmouth College, Webster's alma mater, xii, 151; legal case of, 151, 351. Darwin, Charles, Robert.-(1809-
1882.) English naturalist, "his place in Modern science," xiv, 157; birth and school-days, 157- 160; voyage on the "Beagle," 161, acquaintance with Wallace, Lyell, and Hooker, 162, 163; his "Origin of Species," 163, 164; "Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication," 164; "Descent of Man," 165; "Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals," 166; "Fertiliza-
tion of Orchids," "Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilization," and "Formation of Vegetable Mould through Action of Worms," 166; sickness, death, and honors, 167; mental char- acteristics, 168, 169; religious views, 170, 171; account of his writings, 172, 193; general ac- ceptance of his evolutionary theories, 193, 194. Darwinian hypothesis, xiv, 157. D'Aubigné, Mlle. See Maintenon,
Daun, Count.-(1705-66.) Austrian field-marshal, viii, 382.
David. King of Scotland, vii, 70. David, King. (1055-1015 B. C.) Anointed by Samuel, ii, 158, 174; kills Goliath, 159; warrior king, 169; characteristics of, 170; birth and family, 171; identified with Saul's fading glories, 172; fights Philistines, 172, 173; accession as King (1051 B. C.), 173; ode on death of Saul and Jonathan, 173, fas- cinating exploits, 172; noble lyrics of, 174; dislike of Joab, 175; transfers capital from Hebron to Jerusalem, 176; re- moves sacred ark, 177; an Oriental monarch, 178, 179; his pomp, 179; alienated from his wife, daughter of Saul, 178; polygamy of, 180, 182; war with Moabites, 181; with Ammonites, 181; extends his empire, 181; war with Edomites, 182; guilty of murder and adultery, 183; re- pentance, 183; takes Bathsheba to wife, 184; backslidings, 185; numbers the people and its pun. ishment, 186; trials and misfor- tunes, in spite of penitence, 187; rebellion of Absalom, 187; driv en from his capital, 187; suc-
For location of Volumes in Books,
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
the Christians under (303 A.D.),
iv, 138; abdication of (305 A. D.), 138, 144.
Diogenes of Crete.
(Oirca 5th cent. B. C.) Greek natural philosopher, i, 261. Dionysus (Bacchus).-God of the Vine, i, 118, 120, 121. Dioscuri, Temple of the, at Athens, iii, 132, 134.
Diplomacy. See Franklin, Benjamin. Directory, The French.-(1795- 99.) Succeeds National Conven- tion in the Executive of France, ix, 115, 117; loses capacity to govern, 119; xi, 163, 167. Disc dynamo, rotating, Arago's xiv, 419. "Discourses"
Dismal Swamp, Washington's ex- ploration and drainage of, xi, 112.
Disraeli, Benjamin.-See Beacons- field, Lord.
Distribution, Arguments from, H. Spencer's, xiv, 130.
"Divine Comedy," The, Dante's, vi,
27, 41, 43-46, 48-51; vii, 284; xiii, 338, 340, 346, 347, 350. Divinities, Greek, creations of the fancy, i, 109; Roman (the Olympic gods), 137. Divinity in chiselled stone, i, 125. Dix, Dorothea Lynde. (1802- 1887.) Superintendent of Nurses in Civil War, xvi, 169. Dix, Morgan.-(1827- .) Amer- ican clergyman, vii, 301; his Lenten Lectures, 317.
Doane, S. E.-(1870- .) American electrical engineer, xvi, 180, 193. Dobb's Ferry, Howe retires upon, xi, 124.
Doctrine of the Mean (golden mean of conduct), Confucius's, i, 175.
Roman numerals refer to Volumes. see Prefatory Note at beginning of Index.
essays on, xiii, 258, 266.
Pitt, William. Chaucer, Geoffrey.
(1340-1400.) Father of English poetry. “Eng- lish Life in 14th Century," vi, 59; great movements of era, 59, 60; parliamentary history, 61, 62; habits and customs of peo- ple, 62, 63; birth, family, and social position, 63, 64, 66; in- timacy with John of Gaunt, 64; accompanies king to France and taken prisoner, 64, 65; ran- somed, 65; "Roman de la Rose," translation of, 67; descriptions of the people, 72, 73; "Legend of Good Women," 73; "Canter- bury Tales," 74-79; chivalry, and description of women, 80, 81; sports and amusements, 82; home, town, and city life of period, 83-85; religious life and ecclesiastical abuses of time, 85, 86; courts of love and chivalric glories, 87; Ward's biography, 88; character, appearance, and manners, 89, 90; monument in Westminster Abbey, 90, 91; xi, 33; a huge literary borrower, xiii, 294.
Cheatham, Major-General, B. F.- xii, 349.
Cheddar, Hannah More's school at,
vii, 313, 314. Chedorlaomer.-King of Elam, Ab- raham rescues his nephew Lot from, ii, 36; traditions and legends of, xiv, 354.
Chemistry, its assistance in medi-
Cheops, Pyramid of, iii, 87.
battle of, xii, 339.
China, Introduction of Buddhistie doctrines into, 1, 84, 85, 91; Buddhist temples in (13th cent.), 92; prescribed by pres ent dynasty, 92; classic litera- ture of, 174; intercourse with, by land, xiv, 257; by sea, 261; Emperor and Empress Dowager of, 295.
Chinese Wall, xiv, 259.
Ching, Prince, of China, xiv, 298. Chios (Scio), Turkish massacre of
Greeks at (1822), ix, 298. Chivalry, its worship of the female sex and the Queen of Heaven, v, 316; interesting institution of Middle Ages, 320; as an insti- tution, vii, 228, 229. Choiseul, Duc de.
(1719-85.) French statesman, viii, 318. Chopin, François F. (1809-49.) Polish musical composer, xiv, 58-61, 64, 65, 68, 69. Chourchid Pasha. Turkish gen. eral, operations in Greek Revo- lution, ix, 296-300.
Chow dynasty, China, i, 146, 149,
Christ and His teachings, ii, 38;
temptation of, 40.
Christian IV, King of Denmark (1588-1648), takes part in the Protestant rising in Northern Germany in the Thirty Years' War, viii, 153.
For location of Volumes in Books,
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