Black Athena: The linguistic evidence

Aegean Afroasiatic languages Afroasiatic root Akkadian Anatolia Anatolian ancient Apollo appears Arabic Aramaic argued Armenian Artemis associated Astour Athena attested Bernal Bomhard Bomhard and Kerns borrowing Bronze Age Canaanite century BCE Chadic Chantraine Chap cluster cognate connection Coptic cult culture Cushitic derived divine Egyp Egypt Egyptian etymology etymology etymon explain Frisk and Chantraine Gamkrelidze and Ivanov Gardiner goddess Greece Greek words Hebrew Herodotos Hittite Homer Iliad indicates Indo Indo-European etymology Indo-European languages Indo-European root Indo-Hittite initial Jasanoff and Nussbaum Khoisan labiovelars language families Late Egyptian later Latin Linear linguistic loan meaning Millennium BCE Mycenaean Neit Nile Nostratic noun Orel and Stolbova origin parallel Pausanias Phoenician phonetic possible proposed provides reconstructed rendered Sanskrit scholars Second Millennium semantic Semitic root sense shift Spartan speakers suffix suggests Szemerényi Takács term tian tion toponym Ugaritic Urheimat verb vocalization vowels Vycichl West Semitic Zeus